Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are not associated with subclinical vascular disease or C-reactive protein in the old order amish
Open accessAbstract
The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and subclinical vascular disease is controversial. Because low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) have been associated with many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, we hypothesized that serum 25(OH)D levels would be inversely associated with inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) and with subclinical vascular disease as measured by carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). We measured 25(OH)D levels in 650 Amish participants. CAC was measured by computed tomography and cIMT by ultrasound. The associations of 25(OH)D levels with natural log(CAC + 1), cIMT, and natural log(CRP) levels were estimated after adjustment for age, sex, family structure, and season of examination. Additional analyses were carried out adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and other CVD risk factors. 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) and insufficiency (21-30 ng/ml) were common among the Amish (38.2% and 47.7%, respectively). 25(OH)D levels were associated with season, age, BMI, and parathyroid hormone levels. In neither the minimally or fully adjusted analyses were significant correlations observed between 25(OH)D levels and CAC, cIMT, or CRP (R (2) < 0.01 for all). Contrary to our hypothesis, this study failed to detect a cross-sectional association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CAC, cIMT, or CRP. Either there is no causal relationship between 25(OH)D and CVD risk, or if there is, it may be mediated through mechanisms other than subclinical vascular disease severity.
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In Zhao et al., the only significant relationships were inverse between change in EPA status and changes in CRP and sVCAM-1 concentrations.
“The only significant relationships were inverse and between the change in EPA status and the changes in CRP and sVCAM-1 concentrations.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [606]
In Zhao et al., changes in CRP and sVCAM-1 concentrations correlate with changes in concentrations of different serum n-3 PUFA.
“The study of Zhao et al. (606) provides further insight: the change in CRP and sVCAM-1 concentrations was correlated with the change in the concentrations of different serum n-3 PUFA (a-linolenic acid, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-6) and DHA) that had occurred.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [606]
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- [25]McKusick VA Medical Genetics Studies of the Amish Baltimore, MD The Johns Hopkins University Press 1978
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Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
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- Authors
- Michos, E. D., Streeten, E. A., Ryan, K. A., Rampersaud, E., Peyser, P. A., Bielak, L. F., Shuldiner, A. R., Mitchell, B. D., & Post, W.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Michos, Erin D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Calcified Tissue International
- Published
- 2009-01-16
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-202
- ISSN
- 0171-967X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0827
- PMC
- PMC2908302
- OpenAlex
- W2011124151
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Calcified Tissue International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL72515, U01HL072515, R01HL088119)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK072488)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR046838)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR016500, M01RR000052, M01RR 16500)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, subclinical vascular disease, carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, C-reactive protein, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, Old Order Amish, parathyroid hormone, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- C-Reactive Protein, Calcinosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pennsylvania, Risk Factors, Vascular Diseases, Vitamin D, Biomarkers
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