CHO cells in biotechnology for production of recombinant proteins: current state and further potential

CHO cells can achieve substantial production rate, are suitable for large-scale industrial suspension culture, and can be adapted to grow in various serum-free and chemically defined culture media.

“These cells can achieve substantial production rate, are suitable for large-scale industrial suspension culture and can be adapted to grow in various serum-free and chemically defined culture media (Kim et al., 2012;Lai et al., 2013).”

Among mammalian-based expression systems, CHO cells are by far the most commonly used cell line.

“Among the mammalian-based expression systems, CHO cells is by far, the most commonly used cell line.”

Different gene amplification systems developed and used in CHO cells allow high titer yields and good specific productivity.

“Moreover, different gene amplification systems have been developed and used in CHO cells, which allow for high titer yields and good specific productivity (Durocher and Butler, 2009;Kim et al., 2012;Lai et al., 2013).”

CHO cells are involved in the production of over 70% of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins, most of them monoclonal antibodies.

“It is involved in the production of over 70% of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins, most of them being monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (Durocher and Butler, 2009;Kim et al., 2012;Butler and Spearman, 2014).”

Because CHO cells produce recombinant glycoproteins with human-like glycans, the generated products are more likely to be compatible and bioactive within human hosts.

“Since CHO cells produce recombinant glycoproteins with human-like glycans, the generated products are to more likely be compatible and bioactive within human hosts (Kim et al., 2012;Lai et al., 2013).”

Several recombinases have been used for targeted site approaches, among which Cre/Lox and Flp/FRT were mostly utilized.

“As first generation tools, several recombinases have been used for targeted site approaches, among which the Cre/Lox and the Flp/FRT were mostly utilized (Kito et al., 2002;Huang et al., 2007;Kim et al., 2012).”

Although the effects on cell longevity are clear in anti-apoptosis studies, many conflicting results regarding enhanced productivity with anti-apoptosis engineering have been reported.

“Although the effects on cell longevity are clear in these studies, many conflicting results regarding enhanced productivity with anti-apoptosis engineering have been reported (Kim et al., 2012).”

Anti-autophagy engineering and metabolic engineering have been used in order to optimize recombinant protein production in mammalian cells.

“Among these approaches, anti-autophagy engineering and metabolic engineering have been used in order to optimize recombinant protein production in mammalian cells (for a detailed review on the topic see (Kim et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2013)).”