Cited by 587Electromagnetic Fields and Biological EffectsGeomagnetism and Paleomagnetism StudiesAvian ecology and behavior

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Magnetic orientation and magnetoreception in birds and other animals

Wiltschko, Wolfgang, Wiltschko, Roswitha·2005·Journal of Comparative Physiology A

DOI 10.1007/s00359-005-0627-7

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Abstract

Animals use the geomagnetic field in many ways: the magnetic vector provides a compass; magnetic intensity and/or inclination play a role as a component of the navigational 'map', and magnetic conditions of certain regions act as 'sign posts' or triggers, eliciting specific responses. A magnetic compass is widespread among animals, magnetic navigation is indicated e.g. in birds, marine turtles and spiny lobsters and the use of magnetic 'sign posts' has been described for birds and marine turtles. For magnetoreception, two hypotheses are currently discussed, one proposing a chemical compass based on a radical pair mechanism, the other postulating processes involving magnetite particles. The available evidence suggests that birds use both mechanisms, with the radical pair mechanism in the right eye providing directional information and a magnetite-based mechanism in the upper beak providing information on position as component of the 'map'. Behavioral data from other animals indicate a light-dependent compass probably based on a radical pair mechanism in amphibians and a possibly magnetite-based mechanism in mammals. Histological and electrophysiological data suggest a magnetite-based mechanism in the nasal cavities of salmonid fish. Little is known about the parts of the brain where the respective information is processed.

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Authors: Wiltschko, W., & Wiltschko, R.
Affiliations: Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Corresponding author: Wiltschko, Wolfgang
ORCID: Wiltschko, Roswitha
Venue: Journal of Comparative Physiology A
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-05-11
Volume: 191
Issue: 8
Pages: 675-693
ISSN: 0340-7594 (ISSN-L)
1432-1351
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-005-0627-7
OpenAlex: W2079500075
Cited by: 587
References: 103
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 12.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Comparative Physiology A (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Keywords: magnetoreception, geomagnetic field, magnetic compass, magnetic navigation, birds, sea turtles, spiny lobster, radical pair mechanism, magnetite, magnetic maps, amphibians, salmonids, nasal cavity, animal orientation
MeSH terms: Animals, Birds, Magnetics, Orientation, Animal Migration

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Magnetic orientation and magnetoreception in birds and other animals

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