Iodine Status from Childhood to Adulthood in Females Living in North-East Italy: Iodine Deficiency Is Still an Issue
Abstract
Purpose This survey aimed to assess iodine status in a female population at different ages, also investigating their eating habits.Methods We measured urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in: 634 females at puberty and 361 fertile women in 246 of whom were considered also their children (134 daughters and 120 sons). All subjects completed a food frequency questionnaire.Results Median UIC decreased from childhood to adulthood (median UIC 107, 77 and 55 μg/l in the young girls, females at puberty and fertile women, respectively). Though using iodized salt improved iodine status in all groups, a significantly higher UIC was only noted in females at puberty. Milk consumption significantly increased UIC at all ages. In mother-child (both daughters and sons) pairs, the children's median UIC was nearly twice as high as their mothers' (UIC 115 vs. 57 μg/l). Milk consumption varied significantly: 56% of the mothers and 76% of their children drank milk regularly. The children (both daughters and sons) and mothers who drank milk had UIC ≥100 μg/l in 59 and 34% of cases, respectively, among the pairs who did not drink milk, 44% of the children and 19% of the mothers had UIC ≥100 μg/l. On statistical regression, 3.6% of the variability in the children's UIC depended on that of their mothers.Conclusions Dietary iodine status declines from childhood to adulthood in females due to different eating habits. A mild iodine deficiency emerged in women of child-bearing age that could have consequences during pregnancy and lactation.
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Insufficient iodine intake can lead to decreased thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, leading to decreased human metabolism, especially in women.
“At the same time, insufficient iodine intake can lead to a decrease in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, leading to a decrease in human metabolism, especially in women [75,76].”
From Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Watutantrige Fernando, S., Cavedon, E., Nacamulli, D., Pozza, D., Ermolao, A., Zaccaria, M., Girelli, M. E., Bertazza, L., Barollo, S., & Mian, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Mian, Caterina
- Venue
- European Journal of Nutrition
- Published
- 2015-02-08
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 335-340
- ISSN
- 1436-6207 (ISSN-L)
- 1436-6215
- OpenAlex
- W2036928518
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- iodine status, urinary iodine, iodine deficiency, iodized salt, milk consumption, iodine intake, puberty, women of child-bearing age, dietary habits, northeastern Italy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Food, Fortified, Humans, Iodine, Italy, Male, Milk, Motor Activity, Nutritional Status, Thyroid Diseases, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Young Adult
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