The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: A randomized controlled clinical trial
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Abstract
Background The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet have several components like high amounts of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and vitamin C and low amounts of simple sugars that might improve attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We aimed to investigate the effect of a DASH diet on children (aged 6-12 years) with ADHD, for the first time.Methods Participants were randomized to receive a DASH or a control diet for 12 weeks. The severity of ADHD symptoms [determined by abbreviated 10-item Conner's scale (ACS), 18-item Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) scale and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)] were assessed every four weeks.Results Eighty children completed the study. After adjustment for confounders, parent (- 4.71 for the DASH group vs. - 3 for the control group) and teacher-reported (- 5.35 vs. - 1.87) ACS scores, parent-, teacher-, child-reported hyperactivity (- 1.40 vs. - 0.66, - 1.95 vs. -0.63, - 1.60 vs. - 0.43, respectively), emotional symptoms (- 1.50 vs. - 0.45, - 1.42 vs. - 0.63, and - 1.09 vs. - 0.61, respectively), and total SDQ scores (- 3.81 vs. - 1.65, - 4.11 vs. - 1.23, - 4.44 vs. - 1.26, respectively), teacher-reported of conduct problems (- 1.42 vs. - 0.63), peer relationship problems (- 0.87 vs. - 0.07), and prosocial behaviors (1.36 vs. 0.08) assessed by the SDQ were significantly improved in the DASH group compared with the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Adherence to a DASH-style diet might improve ADHD symptoms. Further RCTs which include participants from both sexes and with longer follow-up periods are needed to warrant current findings (The trial registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6; http://irct.ir/trial/12623 ). Trial registration Trial registration number: The trial was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6), URL: http://irct.ir/trial/12623 .
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Iron, particularly low ferritin levels, is associated with reduced dopaminergic activity; supplementation may improve concentration and executive functioning in those with iron deficiency.
“Iron, particularly low ferritin levels, has been associated with reduced dopaminergic activity; supplementation may improve concentration and executive functioning in those with iron deficiency [183].”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [183]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says iron supplementation has been studied for ADHD, but describes the results as conflicting. The Discussion links dopaminergic changes to omega-3 deficiency, not low ferritin or iron deficiency. Searches for ferritin, iron-related dopaminergic activity, and improvements in concentration or executive functioning after iron supplementation found no passage addressing those claims. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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“Iron, particularly low ferritin levels, has been associated with reduced dopaminergic activity; supplementation may improve concentration and executive functioning in those with iron deficiency [183].”
- Authors
- Khoshbakht, Y., Moghtaderi, F., Bidaki, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., & Salehi-Abargouei, A.
- Affiliations
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IR)
- Venue
- European Journal of Nutrition
- Published
- 2021-03-14
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3647-3658
- ISSN
- 1436-6207 (ISSN-L)
- 1436-6215
- OpenAlex
- W3139313824
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- DASH diet, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD symptoms, children, dietary intervention, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer relationship problems, prosocial behavior, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SNAP-IV, fruit and vegetable intake, low-fat dairy, vitamin C, sugar consumption, parent and teacher ratings
- MeSH terms
- Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Parents
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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