Iron states and cognitive abilities in young adults: Neuropsychological and neurophysiological assessment
Abstract
Many investigators found that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) had a great influence on cognitive functions in infants and children. However, studies of such topic in adults are few and controversial. We prospectively assessed the possible influence of IDA and iron supplementation (for 3 months) on cognitive function and intelligence of 28 young adults with IDA. We used group of hematological, cognitive, neurophysiological tests for assessment including: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Wechsler memory scale-revised (WMS-R), Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised (WAIS-R), event-related potentials (ERPs), and electroencephalography (EEG). Compared to controls, patients demonstrated lower scores of different cognitive tests (MMSE, WMS-R, and WAIS-R), which showed significant improvement after treatment. Prolongation of ERPs latencies (N200 and P300) and reduction in their amplitudes (P200 and P300) were identified with significant increase in amplitude occurred after treatment. EEG abnormalities were observed in 55% of patients which showed improvement in 35% after treatment. Positive correlation was identified before and after treatment between hemoglobin levels and MMSE (P=0.01, 0.05), total verbal (P=0.04) and performance (P=0.05, 0.04) IQ scores. Negative correlation was identified between before and after treatment between P300 latency and total IQ of WAIS-R (P=0.03, 0.008) and hemoglobin level (P=0.4, 0.01). Positive correlation was found before and after treatment between P300 amplitude and total IQ (P=0.028, 0.01) and serum iron (P=0.01, 0.001). In conclusion, IDA is a significant factor in cognitive performance in adult population, which can be partially reversed by treatment.
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In 28 young Egyptian adults with low iron status (mean blood hemoglobin approximately 7 g/dL), cognitive performance was significantly lower than in controls with normal iron status.
“28 young Egyptian adults who displayed low iron status (mean blood hemoglobin approximately 7 g/dL) had significantly lower cognitive performance, assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination, but also via the Wechsler memory and intelligence scales [177].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [177]
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- Authors
- Khedr, E., Hamed, S. A., Elbeih, E., El-Shereef, H., Ahmad, Y., & Ahmed, S.
- Affiliations
- Assiut University Hospitals (EG)
- Children's National (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hamed, Sherifa A.
- Venue
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-06-20
- Volume
- 258
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 489-496
- ISSN
- 0003-9373 (ISSN-L)
- 0940-1334
- 1433-8491
- OpenAlex
- W2068796361
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- iron deficiency anemia, cognitive function, intelligence, iron supplementation, event-related potentials, P300, N2 component, EEG abnormalities, hemoglobin, serum iron, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Ferrous Compounds, Hemoglobins, Humans, Intelligence, Iron, Male, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Neuropsychology, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Trace Elements, Wechsler Scales, Treatment Outcome, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
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