Cited by 177Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement DisordersParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsBotulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders

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Dystonia in Parkinson’s disease

Tolosa, Eduardo, Compta, Yaroslau·2006·Journal of Neurology

DOI 10.1007/s00415-006-7003-6

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Abstract

Dystonia can occasionally be found in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It is very uncommon in untreated patients and is more frequently seen as a complication of its treatment. In this review, the various types of dystonia occurring in PD, the differential diagnosis with other parkinsonian syndromes associated with dystonia and treatments available are revised. Dystonia unrelated to treatment can be typical (blepharospasm, torticollis), atypical (parkinsonian writer's cramp, camptocormia, anismus), or occurring in earlyonset Parkinson disease (the so-called kinesigenic foot dystonia, considered a hallmark of early-onset Parkinson's disease). Early and prominent dystonia in untreated patients with parkinsonism should raise the suspicion of other entities other than Parkinson's disease, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy or corticobasal degeneration. In patients on chronic dopaminergic treatment, peak-dose dystonia, diphasic dystonia and off-dystonia can be seen. The later constitutes the major dystonic feature of chronic levodopa therapy, and a wide variety of strategies are available to manage this complication. Among them, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has proved to be the most effective one. Dystonic reactions (mainly involving oculomotor cranial nerves and limbs) in operated patients (especially carriers of deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices) are increasingly being reported, constituting a new type of dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease: dystonia linked to surgical treatment.

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Authors: Tolosa, E., & Compta, Y.
Affiliations: Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
Corresponding author: Tolosa, Eduardo
ORCID: Tolosa, Eduardo
Compta, Yaroslau
Venue: Journal of Neurology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 253
Issue: S7
Pages: vii7-vii13
ISSN: 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
0340-5354
1432-1459
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-006-7003-6
OpenAlex: W2068778836
Cited by: 176
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 0.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Keywords: dystonia, Parkinson's disease, levodopa therapy, subthalamic nucleus, early-onset Parkinson's disease, camptocormia, anismus, blepharospasm, torticollis, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, differential diagnosis
MeSH terms: Dystonia, Humans, Parkinson Disease

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Dystonia in Parkinson’s disease

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