The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dystonia in Parkinson’s disease
Abstract
Dystonia can occasionally be found in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It is very uncommon in untreated patients and is more frequently seen as a complication of its treatment. In this review, the various types of dystonia occurring in PD, the differential diagnosis with other parkinsonian syndromes associated with dystonia and treatments available are revised. Dystonia unrelated to treatment can be typical (blepharospasm, torticollis), atypical (parkinsonian writer's cramp, camptocormia, anismus), or occurring in earlyonset Parkinson disease (the so-called kinesigenic foot dystonia, considered a hallmark of early-onset Parkinson's disease). Early and prominent dystonia in untreated patients with parkinsonism should raise the suspicion of other entities other than Parkinson's disease, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy or corticobasal degeneration. In patients on chronic dopaminergic treatment, peak-dose dystonia, diphasic dystonia and off-dystonia can be seen. The later constitutes the major dystonic feature of chronic levodopa therapy, and a wide variety of strategies are available to manage this complication. Among them, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has proved to be the most effective one. Dystonic reactions (mainly involving oculomotor cranial nerves and limbs) in operated patients (especially carriers of deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices) are increasingly being reported, constituting a new type of dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease: dystonia linked to surgical treatment.
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In the citing paper
“The typical prediagnostic dystonias include unilateral equinovarus foot position, upper arm-forearm or forearmhand flexion, writer's cramp, oro-mandibular dystonia, torticollis or different combinations of these symptoms (Tolosa and Compta 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Tolosa and Compta 2006
In the citing paper
“In medically treated PD, dystonia, along with dyskinesias, constitutes one of the main motor complications related to chronic therapy, usually occurring as an off-period phenomenon, but can present as peak dose dystonia or diphasic dystonia (Tolosa and Compta 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Tolosa and Compta 2006
In the citing paper
“This may rarely be a prediagnostic symptom in PD (Tolosa and Compta 2006)”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Tolosa and Compta 2006
In the citing paper
“In young onset familial PD, dystonia typically involves the foot with cramp-like discomfort or inversion of the affected foot (Tolosa and Compta 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Tolosa and Compta 2006
In the citing paper
“In the majority of cases, the PD symptoms appear within 10 years from onset of the dystonia.”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Tolosa and Compta 2006
Citations
Cites
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism
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Hereditary Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Caused by Mutations in PINK1
Valente, E. M., Abou-Sleiman, P. M., Caputo, V., Muqit, M. M. K., Harvey, K., Gispert, S., Ali, Z., Del Turco, D., Bentivoglio, A. R., Healy, D. G., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1096284 · Cited by 3,481
Mutations in the DJ-1 Gene Associated with Autosomal Recessive Early-Onset Parkinsonism
Bonifati, V., Rizzu, P., van Baren, M. J., Schaap, O., Breedveld, G. J., Krieger, E., Dekker, M. C. J., Squitieri, F., Ibáñez, P., Joosse, M., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1077209 · Cited by 2,854
Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's Disease
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Krack, P., Batir, A., Blercom, N. V., Chabardès, S., Fraix, V., Ardouin, C., Koudsié, A., Limousin, P., Benazzouz, A., LeBas, J., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa035275 · Cited by 2,208
Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease.
Limousin, P., Krack, P., Pollak, P., Benazzouz, A., Ardouin, C., Hoffmann, D., & Benabid, A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199810153391603 · Cited by 2,030
Association between Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease and Mutations in theParkinGene
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Multiple system atrophy: A review of 203 pathologically proven cases
Wenning, G. K., Tison, F., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Daniel, S. E., & Quinn, N. P. (1997) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870120203 · Cited by 802
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Sveinbjornsdottir, S. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13691 · Cited by 1,410
“In medically treated PD, dystonia, along with dyskinesias, constitutes one of the main motor complications related to chronic therapy, usually occurring as an off-period phenomenon, but can present as peak dose dystonia or diphasic dystonia (Tolosa and Compta 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialMaiti, P., Manna, J., & Dunbar, G. L. (2017) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z · Cited by 557
“A variety of pain, aches, muscle spasms or dystonia have been observed in PD [33].”
BackgroundThe functional neuroanatomy of dystonia
Neychev, V. K., Gross, R. E., Lehéricy, S., Hess, E. J., & Jinnah, H. A. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.026 · Cited by 473
“…in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and several Parkinson-plus syndromes (Jankovic and Tintner, 2001; Rivest et al., 1990; Schneider et al., 2009; Tolosa and Compta, 2006), where the primary pathology involves dysfunction of dopaminergic and other basal ganglia pathways (Perlmutter and Mink,…”
BackgroundSchwingenschuh, P., Ruge, D., Edwards, M. J., Terranova, C., Katschnig, P., Carrillo, F., Silveira‐Moriyama, L., Schneider, S. A., Kägi, G., Palomar, F. J., et al. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23019 · Cited by 248
“It is however uncommon in untreated patients and is more frequently seen as a complication of its treatment (Tolosa and Compta, 2006).”
BackgroundHa, A. D., & Jankovic, J. J. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23959 · Cited by 224
“More often, however, dystonia in PD occurs as a complication of treatment.(32) Levodopa-related dystonia may occur at various stages of the medication cycle.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tolosa, E., & Compta, Y.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Tolosa, Eduardo
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 253
- Issue
- S7
- Pages
- vii7-vii13
- ISSN
- 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
- 0340-5354
- 1432-1459
- OpenAlex
- W2068778836
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- dystonia, Parkinson's disease, levodopa therapy, subthalamic nucleus, early-onset Parkinson's disease, camptocormia, anismus, blepharospasm, torticollis, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, differential diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Dystonia, Humans, Parkinson Disease
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