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Cited by 133Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchViral Infections and Outbreaks Research

Novel swine-origin influenza A virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door.

Michaelis, Martin, Doerr, Hans Wilhem, Cinatl, Jindrich·2009·Medical Microbiology and Immunology
DOI 10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5
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Abstract

Influenza A viruses represent a continuous pandemic threat. In April 2009, a novel influenza A virus, the so-called swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV), was identified in Mexico. Although S-OIV originates from triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) that has been circulating in North American pig herds since the end of the 1990s, S-OIV is readily transmitted between humans but is not epidemic in pigs. After its discovery, S-OIV rapidly spread throughout the world within few weeks. In this review, we sum up the current situation and put it into the context of the current state of knowledge of influenza and influenza pandemics. Some indications suggest that a pandemic may be mild but even "mild" pandemics can result in millions of deaths. However, no reasonable forecasts how this pandemic may develop can be made at this time. Despite stockpiling by many countries and WHO, antiviral drugs will be limited in case of pandemic and resistances may emerge. Effective vaccines are regarded to be crucial for the control of influenza pandemics. However, production capacities are restricted and development/production of a S-OIV vaccine will interfere with manufacturing of seasonal influenza vaccines. The authors are convinced that S-OIV should be taken seriously as pandemic threat and underestimation of the menace by S-OIV to be by far more dangerous than its overestimation.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5

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53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Within 4 weeks, the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) outbreak spread to 41 countries, resulting in 11,034 confirmed cases and 85 deaths.

    “Within 4 weeks this outbreak of influenza A(H1N1) had spread to 41 countries resulting in 11,034 confirmed cases and 85 deaths (Michaelis et al., 2009; Wang and Palese, 2009).”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Michaelis et al., 2009

  • Global death toll estimates for the 1957 pandemic vary between 1.5 million and 2-4 million.

    “Although global death toll estimates vary [between 1.5 million (Gatherer, 2009) and 2–4 million (Michaelis et al., 2009)]”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Michaelis et al., 2009

  • Worldwide 1-2 million people died during the 1968-1969 Hong Kong influenza pandemic, which was caused by influenza strain A(H3N2).

    “Worldwide 1–2 million people died during this pandemic which was caused by the influenza strain A(H3N2) (Michaelis et al., 2009).”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Michaelis et al., 2009

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Authors
Michaelis, M., Doerr, H. W., & Cinatl, J.
Affiliations
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Corresponding author
Cinatl, Jindrich
ORCID
Venue
Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-06-20
Volume
198
Issue
3
Pages
175-183
ISSN
  • 0044-3077 (ISSN-L)
  • 0300-8584
  • 1432-1831
DOI
10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5
OpenAlex
W1999919523
Cited by
127
References
53
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
FWCI
2.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Medical Microbiology and Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Keywords
2009 H1N1 pandemic, pandemic influenza, human-to-human transmission, pandemic preparedness, antiviral resistance, influenza vaccination, pandemic risk assessment
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Swine, Swine Diseases, Virulence, Reassortant Viruses, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype

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