Instruments to measure anxiety in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer: a systematic review
Abstract
Purpose The primary objective was to describe anxiety measurement instruments used in children and adolescents with cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and summarize their content and psychometric properties.Methods We conducted searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HAPI, and CINAHL. We included studies that used at least one instrument to measure anxiety quantitatively in children or adolescents with cancer or undergoing HSCT. Two authors independently identified studies and abstracted study demographics and instrument characteristics.Results Twenty-seven instruments, 14 multi-item and 13 single-item, were used between 78 studies. The most commonly used instrument was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in 46 studies. Three multi-item instruments (Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale-Mandarin version, PROMIS Pediatric Anxiety Short Form, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and two single-item instruments (Faces Pain Scale-Revised and 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale, both adapted for anxiety) were found to be reliable and valid in children with cancer.Conclusions We identified 14 different multi-item and 13 different single-item anxiety measurement instruments that have been used in pediatric cancer or HSCT. Only three multi-item and two single-item instruments were identified as being reliable and valid among pediatric cancer or HSCT patients and would therefore be appropriate to measure anxiety in this population.
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The PROMIS anxiety measure has demonstrated clinical validity in patients with chronic health conditions including cancer as well as pediatric patients.
“Anxiety symptoms were measured by the 4-item PROMIS Emotional Distress-Anxiety, Short Form [39]. This measure has demonstrated clinical validity in patients with chronic health conditions including cancer [41] as well as pediatric patients [42].”
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- Authors
- Lazor, T., Tigelaar, L., Pole, J. D., De Souza, C., Tomlinson, D., & Sung, L.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Pediatric Oncology Group (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lazor, Tanya
- Venue
- Supportive Care in Cancer
- Published
- 2017-06-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2921-2931
- ISSN
- 0941-4355 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-7339
- OpenAlex
- W2620909270
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Supportive Care in Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- anxiety measurement instruments, childhood cancer, adolescents with cancer, young adult cancer, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, psychometric properties, reliability and validity, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
- MeSH terms
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Psychometrics
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