The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A possibly sigma-1 receptor mediated role of dimethyltryptamine in tissue protection, regeneration, and immunity.
Open accessAbstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is classified as a naturally occurring serotonergic hallucinogen of plant origin. It has also been found in animal tissues and regarded as an endogenous trace amine transmitter. The vast majority of research on DMT has targeted its psychotropic/psychedelic properties with less focus on its effects beyond the nervous system. The recent discovery that DMT is an endogenous ligand of the sigma-1 receptor may shed light on yet undiscovered physiological mechanisms of DMT activity and reveal some of its putative biological functions. A three-step active uptake process of DMT from peripheral sources to neurons underscores a presumed physiological significance of this endogenous hallucinogen. In this paper, we overview the literature on the effects of sigma-1 receptor ligands on cellular bioenergetics, the role of serotonin, and serotoninergic analogues in immunoregulation and the data regarding gene expression of the DMT synthesizing enzyme indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase in carcinogenesis. We conclude that the function of DMT may extend central nervous activity and involve a more universal role in cellular protective mechanisms. Suggestions are offered for future directions of indole alkaloid research in the general medical field. We provide converging evidence that while DMT is a substance which produces powerful psychedelic experiences, it is better understood not as a hallucinogenic drug of abuse, but rather an agent of significant adaptive mechanisms that can also serve as a promising tool in the development of future medical therapies.
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“In a previous paper (Frecska et al., 2013) we concluded that the function of DMT may extend central nervous activity and involve a more universal role in cellular protective mechanisms.”
From The therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization (2016) · cites this paper as Frecska et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Human clinical studies showed that ayahuasca can alter the number and distribution of blood immune cells in a way that can increase the antiviral and anti-tumor immunity of the consumer (reviewed in Frecska et al., 2013).”
From The therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization (2016) · cites this paper as Frecska et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the same plasma DMT level can lead to different intraneuronal concentrations depending on the efficacy of the active DMT-uptake processes into the brain, neurons, and vesicles (reviewed in Frecska et al., 2013).”
From The therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization (2016) · cites this paper as Frecska et al., 2013
Citations
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The Hallucinogen N,N -Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Is an Endogenous Sigma-1 Receptor Regulator
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dos Santos, R. G., Osório, F. L., Crippa, J. A. S., Riba, J., Zuardi, A. W., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125316638008 · Cited by 306
Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine
Carbonaro, T. M., & Gatch, M. B. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.016 · Cited by 268
“As previously mentioned, it has been hypothesized that high, local concentrations of DMT can occur within neurons (Frecska et al., 2013) and potentially widely produced in peripheral organs, especially in the lungs.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization
Frecska, E., Bokor, P., & Winkelman, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00035 · Cited by 242
“By analyzing the binocular rivalry under the effect of the brew, conclusions were drawn that ayahuasca influences hemispheric dominance (Frecska et al., 2003) and gamma oscillations (Frecska et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPsychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms
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Garcia-Romeu, A., Kersgaard, B., & Addy, P. H. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000084 · Cited by 201
“Many suggestions have been put forth regarding DMTs physiological role in the body, though there is no widely accepted consensus (Burchett & Hicks, 2006; Callaway, 1988; Frecska et al., 2013; Jacob & Presti, 2005; Su et al., 2009).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Frecska, E., Szabo, A., Winkelman, M. J., Luna, L. E., & McKenna, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Debrecen (HU)
- Arizona State University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frecska, Ede
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Transmission
- Published
- 2013-04-26
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1295-1303
- ISSN
- 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1463
- OpenAlex
- W2158268739
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- link.springer.com
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- N,N-dimethyltryptamine, sigma-1 receptor, serotonin, immune regulation, tissue protection, regeneration, cellular bioenergetics, carcinogenesis, indole alkaloids, hallucinogens, drug repurposing
- MeSH terms
- Sigma-1 Receptor, Animals, Death, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Hallucinogens, Heart Arrest, Humans, Methyltransferases, Neoplasms, Receptors, Serotonin, Regeneration, Tissue Distribution, Receptors, sigma, Oxidative Stress, Serotonin Agents
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