Latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms from pregnancy to early postpartum and their antenatal risk factors
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify subgroups of women who exhibit distinct trajectory patterns of depressive and anxiety disorders from pregnancy to early postpartum and the risk factors associated with the latent trajectory group memberships. Women (n = 615) from the Feelings in Pregnancy and Motherhood (FIP) longitudinal study were followed from early pregnancy to early postpartum for a 7-month period in 2006-2007. The semi-parametric group-based trajectory modeling approach was used to identify the latent trajectory groups. Multinomial logit models were then used to explore the association between latent trajectory group membership and antenatal characteristics. We identified four latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive symptoms: "low-stable" (49.6%), "moderate-stable" (42.3%), "postpartum" (3.6%), and "antepartum" (4.6%). Significant risk factors associated with these trajectory group memberships were past depression, stress level, ethnicity, the mother's age, and relationship satisfaction. Three latent trajectory groups of perinatal anxiety symptoms were identified: "very low-stable" (8.9%); "low-stable" (60.7%); and "moderate-stable" (30.4%). Significant risk factor associated with these trajectories were past depression, stress level, and income level. Latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified to uncover potential heterogeneity in populations. Our findings support the need for multiple assessments starting from early pregnancy to the postpartum, which can give some important insights on the characteristics of the women at high symptom burden trajectories for early interventions that may alter the progress of their mental symptoms.
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Stress is a robust predictor of maternal and paternal depression.
“stress is a robust predictor of maternal and paternal depression [34, 37, 38, 39, 40] and, to a lesser extent, maternal anxiety [15].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
A history of psychiatric problems is a predictor of maternal perinatal depression and anxiety.
“a history of psychiatric problems (e.g., depression) has consistently been identified as a predictor of maternal perinatal depression and anxiety [13, 15, 37, 38, 40], as well as paternal postpartum depression [34].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
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Laifer, L. M., Ramsdell, E. L., Stasik-O’Brien, S. M., Martin, R. C. B., & Brock, R. L. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/5164261
- Authors
- Ahmed, A., Feng, C., Bowen, A., & Muhajarine, N.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmed, Asma
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2018-04-13
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 689-698
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- OpenAlex
- W2796944552
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (IGP-77895)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- perinatal depression, perinatal anxiety, symptom trajectories, prenatal risk factors, pregnancy, postpartum period, maternal mental health, stress, relationship satisfaction, income, ethnicity, maternal age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Canada, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Risk Assessment, Depression, Postpartum, Pregnant People, Postpartum Period
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