CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 82Child Welfare and AdoptionHomelessness and Social IssuesChild Abuse and Trauma

Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Open access
Seker, Süheyla, Boonmann, Cyril, Gerger, Heike, Jäggi, Lena, d’Huart, Delfine, Schmeck, Klaus, Schmid, Marc·2022·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1007/s00787-021-01828-0PMC PMC9663399
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

While children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3-17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6-66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33-2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00787-021-01828-0

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 84

  1. [3]Bronsard G Alessandrini M Fond G Loundou A Auquier P Tordjman S Boyer L The prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in the child welfare system: a systematic review and meta-analysis Medicine 2016 95 e2622 10.1097/MD.0000000000002622 26886603 PMC4998603 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [4]Beaudry G Yu R Langstrom N Fazel FS An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis: mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020 60 46 60 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.01.015 32035113 PMC8222965 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [5]Ahrens KR Garrison MM Courtney ME Health outcomes in young adults from foster care and economically diverse backgrounds Pediatrics 2014 134 1067 1074 10.1542/peds.2014-1150 25367543 PMC4243069 · DOI · Paper page
  4. [8]Gabriel T Keller S Bolter F Martin-Blachais M-P Séraphin G Out of home care in France and Switzerland Psychosoc Interv 2013 22 215 225 10.5093/in2013a25 · DOI
  5. [9]Garcia Quiroga M Hamilton-Giachritsis C „In the name of the children”: public policies for children in out-of-home care in Chile. Historical review, present situation and future challenges Child Youth Serv Rev 2014 44 422 430 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.009 · DOI
  6. [10]Healy K Lundström T Sallnäs M A comparison of out-of-home care for children and young people in australia and sweden: worlds apart? Aust Soc Work 2011 64 416 431 10.1080/0312407x.2011.603092 · DOI
  7. [11]Hardera AT Zeller M López M Köngeter S Knorth EJ Different sizes, similar challenges: out of home care for youth in Germany and the Netherlands Psychosoc Interv 2013 22 203 213 10.5093/in2013a24 · DOI
  8. [12]Fazel S Doll H Långström N Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008 47 1010 1019 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eecf3 18664994 · DOI
  9. [13]Wilson HW Berent E Donenberg GR Emerson EM Rodriguez EM Sandesara A Trauma history and PTSD symptoms in juvenile offenders on probation Victims Offenders 2013 10.1080/15564886.2013.835296 PMC3834597 24273468 · DOI
  10. [14]Cheng TC Li Q Adolescent delinquency in child welfare system: a multiple disadvantage model Child Youth Serv Rev 2017 73 205 212 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.12.018 · DOI
  11. [15]Baglivio MT Wolff KT Piquero AR Bilchik S Jackowski K Greenwald MA Epps N Maltreatment, child welfare, and recidivism in a sample of deep-end crossover youth J Youth Adolesc 2016 45 625 654 10.1007/s10964-015-0407-9 26699636 · DOI
  12. [16]Lee S-Y Villagrana M Differences in risk and protective factors between crossover and non-crossover youth in juvenile justice Child Youth Serv Rev 2015 58 18 27 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.001 · DOI
  13. [17]Herz DC Ryan JP Bilchik S Challenges facing crossover youth: an examination of juvenile-justice decision making and recidivism Fam Court Rev 2010 48 305 321 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2010.01312.x · DOI
  14. [18]Turney K Wildeman C Mental and physical health of children in foster care Pediatrics 2016 10.1542/peds.2016-1118 27940775 · DOI
  15. [20]Dölitzsch C Fegert JM Künster A Kölch M Schmeck K Schmid M Mehrfachdiagnosen bei Schweizer Heimjugendlichen Kindheit und Entwicklung 2014 23 140 150 10.1026/0942-5403/a000140 · DOI
  16. [21]Lehmann S Havik OE Havik T Heiervang ER Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2013 10.1186/1753-2000-7-39 PMC3922948 24256809 · DOI · Paper page
  17. [22]Colins O Vermeiren R Vreugdenhil C van den Brink W Doreleijers T Broekaert E Psychiatric disorders in detained male adolescents: a systematic literature review Can J Psychiatry 2010 55 255 263 10.1177/070674371005500409 20416149 · DOI
  18. [24]De Swart JJW Van den Broek H Stams GJJM Asscher JJ Van der Laan PH Holsbrink-Engels GA Van der Helm GHP The effectiveness of institutional youth care over the past three decades: a meta-analysis Child Youth Serv Rev 2012 34 1818 1824 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.015 · DOI · Paper page
  19. [25]Goemans A van Geel M Vedder P Over three decades of longitudinal research on the development of foster children: a meta-analysis Child Abuse Negl 2015 42 121 134 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.003 25724659 · DOI
  20. [26]Strijbosch ELL Huijs JAM Stams GJJM Wissink IB van der Helm GHP de Swart JJW van der Veen Z The outcome of institutional youth care compared to non-institutional youth care for children of primary school age and early adolescence: a multi-level meta-analysis Child Youth Serv Rev 2015 58 208 218 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.018 · DOI · Paper page
  21. [27]Copeland WE Wolke D Shanahan L Costello EJ Adult functional outcomes of common childhood psychiatric problems: a prospective, longitudinal study JAMA Psychiat 2015 72 892 899 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0730 PMC4706225 26176785 · DOI
  22. [28]Paksarian D Cui L Angst J Ajdacic-Gross V Rossler W Merikangas KR Latent trajectories of common mental health disorder risk across 3 decades of adulthood in a population-based cohort JAMA Psychiat 2016 73 1023 1031 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1921 27602550 · DOI
  23. [29]Fegert JM Hauth I Banaschewski T Freyberger HJ Übergang zwischen Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter Psychotherapeut 2016 62 34 38 10.1007/s00278-016-0159-3 28124949 · DOI
  24. [30]Arnett JJ Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: perspectives from adolescence through midlife J Adult Dev 2001 8 133 143 10.1023/A:1026450103225 · DOI
  25. [32]Copeland WE Shanahan L Hinesley J Chan RF Aberg KA Fairbank JA van den Oord E Costello EJ Association of childhood trauma exposure with adult psychiatric disorders and functional outcomes JAMA Netw Open 2018 1 e184493 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4493 30646356 PMC6324370 · DOI · Paper page
  26. [34]Ravens-Sieberer U Otto C Kriston L Rothenberger A Dopfner M Herpertz-Dahlmann B Barkmann C Schon G Holling H Schulte-Markwort M Klasen F Group Bs The longitudinal BELLA study: design, methods and first results on the course of mental health problems Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015 24 651 663 10.1007/s00787-014-0638-4 25428179 · DOI
  27. [35]Welty LJ Harrison AJ Abram KM Olson ND Aaby DA McCoy KP Washburn JJ Teplin LA Health disparities in drug- and alcohol-use disorders: a 12-year longitudinal study of youths after detention Am J Public Health 2016 106 872 880 10.2105/AJPH.2015.303032 26985602 PMC4985078 · DOI
  28. [36]van der Molen E Vermeiren RR Krabbendam AA Beekman AT Doreleijers TA Jansen LM Detained adolescent females’ multiple mental health and adjustment problem outcomes in young adulthood J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013 54 950 957 10.1111/jcpp.12044 23343212 · DOI
  29. [37]Barnert ES Dudovitz R Nelson BB Coker TR Biely C Li N Chung PJ How does incarcerating young people affect their adult health outcomes? Pediatrics 2017 10.1542/peds.2016-2624 PMC5260153 28115536 · DOI
  30. [38]Teplin LA Welty LJ Abram KM Dulcan MK Washburn JJ Prevalence and persistence of psychiatric disorders in youth after detention: a prospective longitudinal study Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012 69 1031 1043 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2062 23026953 PMC3737771 · DOI · Paper page
  31. [39]Gypen L Vanderfaeillie J De Maeyer S Belenger L Van Holen F Outcomes of children who grew up in foster care: systematic—review Child Youth Serv Rev 2017 76 74 83 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.035 · DOI
  32. [40]Kääriälä A Hiilamo H Children in out-of-home care as young adults: a systematic review of outcomes in the Nordic countries Child Youth Serv Rev 2017 79 107 114 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.030 · DOI
  33. [41]Braciszewski JM Stout RL Substance use among current and former foster youth: a systematic review Child Youth Serv Rev 2012 34 2337 2344 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.08.011 23504534 PMC3596821 · DOI · Paper page
  34. [42]Stein M Dumaret A-C The mental health of young people aging out of care and entering adulthood: Exploring the evidence from England and France Child Youth Serv Rev 2011 33 2504 2511 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.029 · DOI
  35. [43]Oswald SH Heil K Goldbeck L History of maltreatment and mental health problems in foster children: a review of the literature J Pediatr Psychol 2010 35 462 472 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp114 20007747 · DOI
  36. [44]Stroup DF Berlin JA Morton SC Olkin I Williamson GD Rennie D Moher D Becker BJ Sipe TA Thacker SB Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting JAMA 2000 283 2008 2012 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 10789670 · DOI · Paper page
  37. [46]Goldberg DP Hillier VF A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire Psychol Med 1979 9 139 145 10.1017/S0033291700021644 424481 · DOI
  38. [47]Forsman H Brannstrom L Vinnerljung B Hjern A Does poor school performance cause later psychosocial problems among children in foster care? Evidence from national longitudinal registry data Child Abuse Negl 2016 57 61 71 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.006 27318971 · DOI
  39. [48]Landers AL Danes SM Ingalls-Maloney K White Hawk S American Indian and White adoptees: are there mental health differences? Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2017 24 54 75 10.5820/aian.2402.2017.54 28832888 · DOI
  40. [49]Fedock G Garthe RC Sarantakos S Golder S Higgins GE Logan TK A life course perspective of victimization, child welfare involvement, cumulative stress and mental health for mothers on probation and parole Child Abuse Negl 2018 86 235 246 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.007 30388707 · DOI
  41. [50]Vinnerljung B Hjern A Lindblad F Suicide attempts and severe psychiatric morbidity among former child welfare clients—a national cohort study J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006 47 723 733 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01530.x 16790007 · DOI
  42. [51]Zlotnick C Tam TW Soman LA Life course outcomes on mental and physical health: the impact of foster care on adulthood Am J Public Health 2012 102 534 540 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300285 22390519 PMC3487656 · DOI
  43. [52]van Delft I Finkenauer C Verbruggen J Child maltreatment and social connectedness among formerly institutionalized females: links with depression J Interpers Violence 2016 31 1393 1412 10.1177/0886260514567959 25586915 · DOI
  44. [54]Leloux-Opmeer H Kuiper C Swaab H Scholte E Characteristics of children in foster care, family-style group care, and residential care: a Scoping review J Child Fam Stud 2016 25 2357 2371 10.1007/s10826-016-0418-5 27440989 PMC4933723 · DOI
  45. [58]Higgins JP Thompson SG Deeks JJ Altman DG Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses BMJ 2003 327 557 560 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 12958120 PMC192859 · DOI · Paper page
  46. [59]Borenstein M Hedges LV Higgins JPT Rothstein HR Introduction to meta-analysis 2011 Chichester John Wiley & Sons
  47. [61]Teyhan A Wijedasa D Macleod J Adult psychosocial outcomes of men and women who were looked-after or adopted as children: prospective observational study BMJ Open 2018 8 e019095 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019095 PMC5829744 29439075 · DOI
  48. [62]Viner RM Taylor B Adult health and social outcomes of children who have been in public care: population-based study Pediatrics 2005 115 894 899 10.1542/peds.2004-1311 15805361 · DOI
  49. [63]Vinnerljung B Sallnäs M Into adulthood: a follow-up study of 718 young people who were placed in out-of-home care during their teens Child Fam Soc Work 2008 13 144 155 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2007.00527.x · DOI
  50. [64]Heard-Garris N Sacotte KA Winkelman TNA Cohen A Ekwueme PO Barnert E Carnethon M Davis MM Association of childhood history of parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement with mental health in early adulthood JAMA Netw Open 2019 2 e1910465 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10465 31483468 PMC6727677 · DOI
  51. [65]Björkenstam E Vinnerljung B Hjern A Impact of childhood adversities on depression in early adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study of 478,141 individuals in Sweden J Affect Disord 2017 223 95 100 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.030 28735168 · DOI
  52. [66]Dregan A Gulliford MC Foster care, residential care and public care placement patterns are associated with adult life trajectories: population-based cohort study Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012 47 1517 1526 10.1007/s00127-011-0458-5 22127423 · DOI
  53. [67]Côté SM Orri M Marttila M Ristikari T Out-of-home placement in early childhood and psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in young adulthood: a population-based propensity score-matched study Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018 2 647 653 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30207-4 30119758 · DOI
  54. [68]Räikkönen K Lahti M Heinonen K Pesonen AK Wahlbeck K Kajantie E Osmond C Barker DJ Eriksson JG Risk of severe mental disorders in adults separated temporarily from their parents in childhood: the Helsinki birth cohort study J Psychiatr Res 2011 45 332 338 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.07.003 20659742 · DOI
  55. [69]Southerland D Casanueva CE Ringeisen H Young adult outcomes and mental health problems among transition age youth investigated for maltreatment during adolescence Child Youth Serv Rev 2009 31 947 956 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.03.010 · DOI
  56. [70]*Benedict MI, Zuravin S, Stallings RY (1996) Adult functioning of children who lived in kin versus nonrelative family foster homes. Child Welfare 75 8795284
  57. [71]Abram KM Azores-Gococo NM Emanuel KM Aaby DA Welty LJ Hershfield JA Rosenbaum MS Teplin LA Sex and racial/ethnic differences in positive outcomes in delinquent youth after detention: a 12-year longitudinal study JAMA Pediatr 2017 171 123 132 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3260 27992626 PMC5704941 · DOI
  58. [73]Verbruggen J van der Geest V Bijleveld C Adult outcomes of youths who have spent time in a judicial treatment institution in the Netherlands Longit Life Course Stud 2018 10.14301/llcs.v9i1.461 · DOI
  59. [75]Bronsard G Lançon C Loundou A Auquier P Rufo M Siméoni M-C Prevalence rate of DSM mental disorders among adolescents living in residential group homes of the French child welfare system Child Youth Serv Rev 2011 33 1886 1890 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.014 · DOI
  60. [76]Brown A Courtney ME Curtis McMillen J Behavioral health needs and service use among those who've aged-out of foster care Child Youth Serv Rev 2015 58 163 169 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.020 · DOI · Paper page
  61. [77]Casanueva C Stambaugh L Urato M Fraser JG Williams J Lost in transition: Illicit substance use and services receipt among at-risk youth in the child welfare system Child Youth Serv Rev 2011 33 1939 1949 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.025 · DOI
  62. [78]Fernandez E Lee J-S McNamara P ‘Uprooted from everything that attaches you’: long-term outcomes of former child migrants in care in the twentieth century in australia Br J Soc Work 2019 49 523 545 10.1093/bjsw/bcy070 · DOI
  63. [81]Thompson SG Higgins JP How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted? Stat Med 2002 21 1559 1573 10.1002/sim.1187 12111920 · DOI · Paper page
  64. [83]Rubin DM O'Reilly AL Luan X Localio AR The impact of placement stability on behavioral well-being for children in foster care Pediatrics 2007 119 336 344 10.1542/peds.2006-1995 17272624 PMC2693406 · DOI · Paper page
  65. [84]Jones R Everson-Hock ES Papaioannou D Guillaume L Goyder E Chilcott J Cooke J Payne N Duenas A Sheppard LM Swann C Factors associated with outcomes for looked-after children and young people: a correlates review of the literature Child Care Health Dev 2011 37 613 622 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01226.x 21434967 PMC3500671 · DOI · Paper page
  66. [85]Oosterman M Schuengel C Wim Slot N Bullens RAR Doreleijers TAH Disruptions in foster care: a review and meta-analysis Child Youth Serv Rev 2007 29 53 76 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.07.003 · DOI
  67. [86]Newton RR Litrownik AJ Landsverk JA Children and youth in foster care: disentangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of placements Child Abuse Negl 2000 24 1363 1374 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00189-7 11075702 · DOI
  68. [87]Lueger-Schuster B Knefel M Gluck TM Jagsch R Kantor V Weindl D Child abuse and neglect in institutional settings, cumulative lifetime traumatization, and psychopathological long-term correlates in adult survivors: the Vienna Institutional Abuse Study Child Abuse Negl 2018 76 488 501 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.12.009 29276971 · DOI
  69. [88]Aalto AM Elovainio M Kivimaki M Uutela A Pirkola S The Beck Depression Inventory and General Health Questionnaire as measures of depression in the general population: a validation study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview as the gold standard Psychiatry Res 2012 197 163 171 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.008 22365275 · DOI
  70. [89]Breslau N Depressive symptoms, major depression, and generalized anxiety: a comparison of self-reports on CES-D and results from diagnostic interviews Psychiatry Res 1985 15 219 229 10.1016/0165-1781(85)90079-4 3862157 · DOI
  71. [90]Dervaux A Bayle FJ Laqueille X Bourdel MC Leborgne M Olie JP Krebs MO Validity of the CAGE questionnaire in schizophrenic patients with alcohol abuse and dependence Schizophr Res 2006 81 151 155 10.1016/j.schres.2005.09.012 16314077 · DOI
  72. [91]Dhalla S, Kopec JA (2007) The CAGE questionnaire for alcohol misuse: a review of reliability and validity studies. Clin Investig Med 30(1):33–41 17716538
  73. [92]Eberhard-Gran M Eskild A Tambs K Opjordsmoen S Ove Samuelsen S Review of validation studies of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001 30 1 243 249 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2001.00187.x 11722298 · DOI
  74. [93]McGee R Williams S Silva PA An evaluation of the Malaise inventory J Psychosom Res 1986 30 147 152 10.1016/0022-3999(86)90044-9 3723445 · DOI
  75. [94]Jäggi L Kliewer W Serpell Z Schooling while incarcerated as a turning point for serious juvenile and young adult offenders J Adolesc 2020 78 9 23 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.11.002 31810006 · DOI
  76. [95]Schubert CA Mulvey EP Loughran TA Losoya SH Perceptions of institutional experience and community outcomes for serious adolescent offenders Crim Justice Behav 2011 39 71 93 10.1177/0093854811426710 · DOI
  77. [96]Lüdtke J Boonmann C Dölitzsch C In-Albon T Jenkel N Kölch M Fegert JM Schmeck K Schmid M Komorbide Angststörungen bei Störungen des Sozialverhaltens Kindheit und Entwicklung 2017 26 100 109 10.1026/0942-5403/a000221 · DOI
  78. [97]Schmid M Children and adolescents in german youth welfare institutions—a child and adolescent psychiatry/psychotherapy perspective Eur Psychiatr Rev 2008 1 10 12 PMC2262059 18226213
  79. [98]Kessler RC Berglund P Demler O Jin R Merikangas KR Walters EE Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 62 593 602 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 15939837 · DOI · Paper page
  80. [99]James S What works in group care? A structured review of treatment models for group homes and residential care Child Youth Serv Rev 2011 33 308 321 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.09.014 22468014 PMC3314708 · DOI
  81. [100]James S Implementing evidence-based practice in residential care—how far have we come? Resid Treat Children Youth 2017 34 155 175 10.1080/0886571X.2017.1332330 PMC6510514 31080313 · DOI
  82. [101]Munson MR Katz CC Okpych NJ Courtney ME Mental health management among older youth in foster care: service utilization and preparedness J Adolesc Health 2020 67 225 231 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.017 32317206 · DOI · Paper page
  83. [102]Besier T Fegert JM Goldbeck L Evaluation of psychiatric liaison-services for adolescents in residential group homes Eur Psychiatry 2009 24 483 489 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.02.006 19553090 · DOI
  84. [103]Hjern A Vinnerljung B Brännström L Outcomes in adulthood of adoption after long-term foster care: a sibling study Dev Child Welfare 2019 1 61 75 10.1177/2516103218815702 31960707 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Seker, S., Boonmann, C., Gerger, H., Jäggi, L., d’Huart, D., Schmeck, K., & Schmid, M.
Affiliations
University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Seker, Süheyla
ORCID
Venue
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-06-24
Volume
31
Issue
12
Pages
1963-1982
ISSN
  • 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-165X
DOI
10.1007/s00787-021-01828-0
PMC
PMC9663399
OpenAlex
W3174473397
Cited by
82
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8
FWCI
1.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Bundesamt für Justiz
  • Universität Basel
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
mental illness, out-of-home care, foster care, residential care, child welfare, juvenile justice, former foster children, coming of age, prevalence, mental health risk
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Welfare, Home Care Services, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Longitudinal Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review