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Cited by 133Primate Behavior and EcologyChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) do not develop contingent reciprocity in an experimental task

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Brosnan, Sarah Frances, Silk, Joan B., Henrich, Joseph, Mareno, Mary Catherine, Lambeth, Susan P., Schapiro, Steven J.·2009·Animal Cognition
DOI 10.1007/s10071-009-0218-zPMC PMC2698971
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Abstract

Chimpanzees provide help to unrelated individuals in a broad range of situations. The pattern of helping within pairs suggests that contingent reciprocity may have been an important mechanism in the evolution of altruism in chimpanzees. However, correlational analyses of the cumulative pattern of interactions over time do not demonstrate that helping is contingent upon previous acts of altruism, as required by the theory of reciprocal altruism. Experimental studies provide a controlled approach to examine the importance of contingency in helping interactions. In this study, we evaluated whether chimpanzees would be more likely to provide food to a social partner from their home group if their partner had previously provided food for them. The chimpanzees manipulated a barpull apparatus in which actors could deliver rewards either to themselves and their partners or only to themselves. Our findings indicate that the chimpanzees' responses were not consistently influenced by the behavior of their partners in previous rounds. Only one of the 11 dyads that we tested demonstrated positive reciprocity. We conclude that contingent reciprocity does not spontaneously arise in experimental settings, despite the fact that patterns of behavior in the field indicate that individuals cooperate preferentially with reciprocating partners.

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  • Psychological factors implicated in cultural evolutionary processes include attentional resources, social learning biases and predispositions towards learning from other conspecifics that appear at least somewhat unique to humans.

    “Psychological factors (and the genetic predispositions that may underpin them) that are implicated in cultural evolutionary processes include the attentional resources, social learning biases and predispositions towards learning from other conspecifics that appear to be at least somewhat unique to humans”

    From Cultural Evolution of Religion, Spirituality and Ritual: Impacts On Human Cooperation (2024) · cites this paper as Brosnan et al. 2009

    The Introduction discusses chimpanzees’ cognitive requirements for contingent reciprocity, and the Discussion addresses their behavior in an experimental task; neither addresses psychological factors in cultural evolution. Searches for attentional resources, social learning biases, and human-unique predispositions to learn from conspecifics found no passage supporting the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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References 68 · Cited by 133

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Authors
Brosnan, S. F., Silk, J. B., Henrich, J., Mareno, M. C., Lambeth, S. P., & Schapiro, S. J.
Affiliations
  • Georgia State University (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Brosnan, Sarah Frances
ORCID
Venue
Animal Cognition
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-03-04
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
587-597
ISSN
  • 1435-9448 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-9456
DOI
10.1007/s10071-009-0218-z
PMC
PMC2698971
OpenAlex
W2150549754
Cited by
133
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
FWCI
17.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Animal Cognition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Archive @ GSU (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Counseling And Psychological Services Dissertations (Georgia State University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (0729244)
  • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
  • Emory University
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (K12 GM 00680-05, K12GM000680)
  • National Center for Research Resources (U42RR015090, RR015090)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords
chimpanzees, reciprocal altruism, helping behavior, food sharing, social cooperation, evolution of altruism
MeSH terms
Altruism, Animals, Association Learning, Behavior, Animal, Pan troglodytes, Cooperative Behavior, Female, Social Behavior

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