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Cited by 630Municipal Solid Waste ManagementWaste Management and RecyclingHealthcare and Environmental Waste Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 209 of the 209 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Artificial intelligence for waste management in smart cities: a review

Open access
Fang, Bingbing, Yu, Jiacheng, Chen, Zhonghao, Osman, Ahmed I., Farghali, Mohamed, Ihara, Ikko, Hamza, Essam H., Rooney, David W., Yap, Pow-Seng·2023·Environmental Chemistry Letters
DOI 10.1007/s10311-023-01604-3PMC PMC10169138
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Abstract

The rising amount of waste generated worldwide is inducing issues of pollution, waste management, and recycling, calling for new strategies to improve the waste ecosystem, such as the use of artificial intelligence. Here, we review the application of artificial intelligence in waste-to-energy, smart bins, waste-sorting robots, waste generation models, waste monitoring and tracking, plastic pyrolysis, distinguishing fossil and modern materials, logistics, disposal, illegal dumping, resource recovery, smart cities, process efficiency, cost savings, and improving public health. Using artificial intelligence in waste logistics can reduce transportation distance by up to 36.8%, cost savings by up to 13.35%, and time savings by up to 28.22%. Artificial intelligence allows for identifying and sorting waste with an accuracy ranging from 72.8 to 99.95%. Artificial intelligence combined with chemical analysis improves waste pyrolysis, carbon emission estimation, and energy conversion. We also explain how efficiency can be increased and costs can be reduced by artificial intelligence in waste management systems for smart cities.

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Fig. 1 Application of artificial intelligence in waste management. The figure illustrates five key aspects: waste type and generation, the use of artificial intelligence in waste management, artificial intelligence-based optimization of waste transportation, the role of artificial intelligence in detecting and reducing illegal dumping and waste treatment practices, and the use of artificial intelligence to analyze the chemical composition of waste. This optimized representation provides a clear and concise overview of the main themes discussed in this review, highlighting the potential of artificial intelligence to revolutionize waste management practices
Fig. 1 Application of artificial intelligence in waste management. The figure illustrates five key aspects: waste type and generation, the use of artificial intelligence in waste management, artificial intelligence-based optimization of waste transportation, the role of artificial intelligence in detecting and reducing illegal dumping and waste treatment practices, and the use of artificial intelligence to analyze the chemical composition of waste. This optimized representation provides a clear and concise overview of the main themes discussed in this review, highlighting the potential of artificial intelligence to revolutionize waste management practicesCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Uses of artificial intelligence in the garbage bin and waste robotic sorting. These include real-time garbage bin monitoring to optimize waste collection routes and prevent bin overflows. Additionally, intelligent garbage sorting can improve recycling efficiency and reduce contamination. In contrast, robotic waste sorting can utilize robotic arms to sort waste in recycling facilities, increasing the speed and accuracy of sorting while reducing the need for manual labor. Artificial intelligence can also be used for predictive maintenance to anticipate when waste-sorting equipment will require maintenance, reducing downtime and extending equipment lifespans. Lastly, waste management optimization using artificial intelligence can consider factors such as traffic, weather, and population density to enhance the efficiency of waste collection and processing
Fig. 2 Uses of artificial intelligence in the garbage bin and waste robotic sorting. These include real-time garbage bin monitoring to optimize waste collection routes and prevent bin overflows. Additionally, intelligent garbage sorting can improve recycling efficiency and reduce contamination. In contrast, robotic waste sorting can utilize robotic arms to sort waste in recycling facilities, increasing the speed and accuracy of sorting while reducing the need for manual labor. Artificial intelligence can also be used for predictive maintenance to anticipate when waste-sorting equipment will require maintenance, reducing downtime and extending equipment lifespans. Lastly, waste management optimization using artificial intelligence can consider factors such as traffic, weather, and population density to enhance the efficiency of waste collection and processingCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 A typical wireless sensor network structure for a solid waste management system. A sensor is installed on the garbage bin. When garbage enters, the sensor can obtain information such as smell, weight, and humidity to classify the trash. At the same time, it can detect the environment of garbage bins and monitor the filling level of garbage bins. Users can monitor the status of garbage bins on the platform in real time as the information is uploaded through the internet
Fig. 3 A typical wireless sensor network structure for a solid waste management system. A sensor is installed on the garbage bin. When garbage enters, the sensor can obtain information such as smell, weight, and humidity to classify the trash. At the same time, it can detect the environment of garbage bins and monitor the filling level of garbage bins. Users can monitor the status of garbage bins on the platform in real time as the information is uploaded through the internetCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 A neural network for predicting biogas volume using four input attributes. The diagram has eight hidden layers and one output layer to induce biogas prediction. It consists of three layers: input, hidden, and output
Fig. 4 A neural network for predicting biogas volume using four input attributes. The diagram has eight hidden layers and one output layer to induce biogas prediction. It consists of three layers: input, hidden, and outputCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on waste management. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the composition, timing, and frequency of waste disposal. It has also increased the risk of infection for the public due to the production of masks and medical waste that require manual handling. These changes in waste volumes have complex and interrelated impacts on municipal waste management, as depicted in the chart
Fig. 5 Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on waste management. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the composition, timing, and frequency of waste disposal. It has also increased the risk of infection for the public due to the production of masks and medical waste that require manual handling. These changes in waste volumes have complex and interrelated impacts on municipal waste management, as depicted in the chartCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 Three challenges of artificial intelligence in waste management. Implementing artificial intelligence in waste management can be summarized as black box problems, a lack of data, and a shortage of suitable models. Black boxes refer to the complexity of artificial intelligence models, which makes it difficult for researchers to understand their mechanisms. Lack of data refers to the scarcity and unreliability of data in the waste management industry, making it challenging to train artificial intelligence models. Finally, the lack of suitable models means that most existing applications of artificial intelligence in waste management rely on preexisting models rather than custom models explicitly developed for waste management
Fig. 6 Three challenges of artificial intelligence in waste management. Implementing artificial intelligence in waste management can be summarized as black box problems, a lack of data, and a shortage of suitable models. Black boxes refer to the complexity of artificial intelligence models, which makes it difficult for researchers to understand their mechanisms. Lack of data refers to the scarcity and unreliability of data in the waste management industry, making it challenging to train artificial intelligence models. Finally, the lack of suitable models means that most existing applications of artificial intelligence in waste management rely on preexisting models rather than custom models explicitly developed for waste managementCC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Brynjolfsson E, Mcafee A (2017) Artificial intelligence, for real. Harvard business review 1: 1–31. Available at:https://starlab-alliance.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AI-Article.pdf
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Metadata

Authors
Fang, B., Yu, J., Chen, Z., Osman, A. I., Farghali, M., Ihara, I., Hamza, E. H., Rooney, D. W., & Yap, P.-S.
Affiliations
  • Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (CN)
  • Queen's University Belfast (GB)
  • Kobe University (JP)
  • Military Technical College (EG)
Corresponding author
  • Osman, Ahmed I.
  • Farghali, Mohamed
  • Yap, Pow-Seng
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Chemistry Letters
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-05-09
Volume
21
Issue
4
Pages
1959-1989
ISSN
  • 1610-3653 (ISSN-L)
  • 1610-3661
DOI
10.1007/s10311-023-01604-3
PMC
PMC10169138
OpenAlex
W4382182093
Cited by
629
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 195 · 2025: 272 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 21
FWCI
11.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Chemistry Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
SEUPB (Bryden Centre project (Project ID VA5048))
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
Keywords
artificial intelligence, waste management, smart cities, waste-to-energy, smart bins, plastic waste pyrolysis, waste logistics, illegal dumping, resource recovery, carbon emission estimation

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