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Coping with Stress: The Effectiveness of Different Types of Music
Abstract
Listening to classical and self-selected relaxing music after exposure to a stressor should result in significant reductions in anxiety, anger, and sympathetic nervous system arousal, and increased relaxation compared to those who sit in silence or listen to heavy metal music. Fifty-six college students, 15 males and 41 females, were exposed to different types of music genres after experiencing a stressful test. Several 4 x 2 mixed design analyses of variance were conducted to determine the effects of music and silence conditions (heavy metal, classical, or self-selected music and silence) and time (pre-post music) on emotional state and physiological arousal. Results indicate listening to self-select or classical music, after exposure to a stressor, significantly reduces negative emotional states and physiological arousal compared to listening to heavy metal music or sitting in silence.
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“Indeed, a decrease in anxiety after listening to music is the most consistent findings reported in field studies with patients [22,37,38] and laboratory-based studies [26,39].”
From The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Labbé, E., Schmidt, N., Babin, J., & Pharr, M.
- Affiliations
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Corresponding author
- Labbé, Elise
- Venue
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
- Published
- 2007-10-27
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 163-168
- ISSN
- 0363-3586 (ISSN-L)
- 1090-0586
- 1573-3270
- OpenAlex
- W2151355117
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- music listening, stress coping, anxiety, anger, sympathetic nervous system arousal, relaxation, classical music, heavy metal music, self-selected music, silence, emotional state, physiological arousal, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Music, Music Therapy, Relaxation, Stress, Psychological
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