Cited by 165Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)Digitalization, Law, and RegulationEthics and Social Impacts of AI

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Legal requirements on explainability in machine learning

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Bibal, Adrien, Lognoul, Michael, de Streel, Alexandre, Frénay, Benoît·2021·Artificial Intelligence and Law

DOI 10.1007/s10506-020-09270-4

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Authors: Bibal, A., Lognoul, M., de Streel, A., & Frénay, B.
Affiliations: University of Namur (BE)
Corresponding author: Bibal, Adrien
ORCID: Bibal, Adrien
Venue: Artificial Intelligence and Law
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-07-30
Volume: 29
Issue: 2
Pages: 149-169
ISSN: 0924-8463 (ISSN-L)
1572-8382
DOI: 10.1007/s10506-020-09270-4
OpenAlex: W3046377295
Semantic Scholar: f2929a51055394f22542202500345b31b3791b12
Cited by: 165
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 9.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
researchportal.unamur.be
Licence: other-oa
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Artificial Intelligence and Law (publishedVersion)
Repository of the University of Namur (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Keywords: explainability, model interpretability, legal requirements, black-box models, deep learning, algorithmic accountability, ethical use of AI, public decision-making, private decision-making, interdisciplinary research

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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