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Cited by 213Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics StudiesBotany and Plant Ecology StudiesBiological Control of Invasive Species

Plant invasion science in protected areas: progress and priorities

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Foxcroft, Llewellyn C., Pyšek, Petr, Richardson, David M., Genovesi, Piero, MacFadyen, Sandra·2017·Biological Invasions
DOI 10.1007/s10530-016-1367-z
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Abstract

Invasive alien species are a major problem for managers of protected areas (PAs) worldwide. Until the 1980s biological invasions were widely considered to be largely confined to anthropogenically disturbed sites and the widespread disruption of ecosystems in PAs by invasive species was not globally perceived as a major threat. A working group of the SCOPE program on biological invasions in the 1980s showed that PAs are not spared from major disruptive effects of invasions. Early research focused on descriptive studies of the extent to which PAs were invaded. More recent research explored drivers of invasion, and in the last decade much work has focused on understanding the impacts of invasions. We review the current understanding of alien plant invasions in PAs, focusing on four themes: (1) the status and macroecological patterns of alien plant invasions; (2) the threats that invasive alien plants (IAPs) pose and the impacts detected to date; (3) the current focus of invasion science in PAs; and (4) research priorities for advancing science-based management and policy. Of a sample of 59 widespread IAP species from a representative sample of 135 PAs globally, trees make up the largest proportion (32%), followed by perennial herbs (17%) and shrubs (15%). About 1857 papers have been published on alien species in PAs; 45% have focused on alien plants. Some textbook examples of impacts by IAPs originate from PAs, illustrating the severe threat to the core function of PAs. Impacts have been quantified at the species and community levels through the displacement and alteration of habitats. In some cases, native species abundance, diversity and estimated species richness have been altered, but reversed following control. At an ecosystem level, invasive plants have radically altered fire regimes in several PAs, in some cases causing regime shifts and transforming woodlands or savannas to grasslands. Invasions have also had a major impact on nutrient cycles. Protected areas are performing an increasingly important part of the global response to stem the rate of environmental change. Despite this, integrated efforts involving science, management and policy that are sufficiently resourced to generate insights on the status and dynamics of IAPs in PAs are insufficient or even lacking. Such efforts are needed to pave the way for monitoring trends, revising legislation and policies, and improving management interventions to reduce the extent and magnitude of impacts of invasive plants in PAs. While policy instruments to support management of non-native species date back to the 1930s, there has been a substantial increase in legislative support and general awareness since the early 2000s. Still, opportunities to improve research for PAs need to be created. Towards this goal, the establishment of a global PA research network could provide a unique vehicle to explore questions across species or functional groups and systems, at a scale currently beyond existing abilities. Developing an integrated global database with standardized, quantitative information could form part of such a networks function.

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  • Few protected areas are completely free of alien plants.

    “Few protected areas are completely free of alien plants (Foxcroft et al., 2017), and alien plants can invade natural areas that have not experienced obvious anthropogenic disturbances, such as the Gros Morne National Park in boreal Canada (Rose & Hermanutz, 2004).”

    From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as Foxcroft et al., 2017

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Foxcroft, L. C., Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Genovesi, P., & MacFadyen, S.
Affiliations
  • South African National Parks (ZA)
  • Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
  • Stellenbosch University (ZA)
  • Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (IT)
Corresponding author
Foxcroft, Llewellyn C.
ORCID
Venue
Biological Invasions
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-01-25
Volume
19
Issue
5
Pages
1353-1378
ISSN
  • 1387-3547 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-1464
DOI
10.1007/s10530-016-1367-z
OpenAlex
W2582579817
Cited by
213
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10
FWCI
14.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2017-06-13)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biological Invasions (publishedVersion)
  • SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) (submittedVersion)
  • ASEP (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders
  • National Research Foundation (IFR2010041400019, IFR160215158271, 85417)
  • DST-NRF Centre of Excellence (C∙I∙B) for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University
  • South African National Parks
  • Stellenbosch University, South Africa
  • Akademie Věd České Republiky (RVO 67985939, Praemium Academiae award)
  • ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research
  • DST-NRF Centre of Excellence (C∙I∙B) for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univerity
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Biological Control of Invasive Species
Keywords
invasive alien plants, protected areas, invasive species impacts, invasion drivers, macroecological patterns, tipping points, nutrient cycling, native species displacement, invasive plant control, research priorities, biodiversity conservation, invasive tree species

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