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Cited by 177Global Public Health Policies and EpidemiologySmoking Behavior and CessationPharmaceutical industry and healthcare

The vector of the tobacco epidemic: tobacco industry practices in low and middle-income countries

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Lee, Sungkyu, Ling, Pamela M., Glantz, Stanton A.·2012·Cancer Causes & Control
DOI 10.1007/s10552-012-9914-0PMC PMC3332051
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Abstract

Purpose To understand transnational tobacco companies' (TTCs) practices in low and middle-income countries which serve to block tobacco-control policies and promote tobacco use. Methods Systematic review of published research on tobacco industry activities to promote tobacco use and oppose tobacco-control policies in low and middle-income countries. Results TTCs' strategies used in low and middle-income countries followed four main themes-economic activity; marketing/promotion; political activity; and deceptive/manipulative activity. Economic activity, including foreign investment and smuggling, was used to enter new markets. Political activities included lobbying, offering voluntary self-regulatory codes, and mounting corporate social responsibility campaigns. Deceptive activities included manipulation of science and use of third-party allies to oppose smoke-free policies, delay other tobacco-control policies, and maintain support of policymakers and the public for a pro-tobacco industry policy environment. TTCs used tactics for marketing, advertising, and promoting their brands that were tailored to specific market environments. These activities included direct and indirect tactis, targeting particular populations, and introducing new tobacco products designed to limit marketing restrictions and taxes, maintain the social acceptability of tobacco use, and counter tobacco-control efforts. Conclusions TTCs have used similar strategies in high-income countries as these being described in low and middle-income countries. As required by FCTC Article 5.3, to counter tobacco industry pressures and to implement effective tobacco-control policies, governments and health professionals in low and middle-income countries should fully understand TTCs practices and counter them.

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Authors
Lee, S., Ling, P. M., & Glantz, S. A.
Affiliations
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Ling, Pamela M.
ORCID
Venue
Cancer Causes & Control
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-02-28
Volume
23
Issue
S1
Pages
117-129
ISSN
  • 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-7225
DOI
10.1007/s10552-012-9914-0
PMC
PMC3332051
OpenAlex
W2094352843
Cited by
177
References
1
Citations by year
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FWCI
2.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA087472, CA 87472)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Keywords
transnational tobacco companies, tobacco control, tobacco marketing, lobbying, corporate social responsibility, smuggling, foreign investment, smoke-free policies, tobacco taxation, low- and middle-income countries
MeSH terms
Humans, Politics, Public Health, Public Policy, Smoking, Social Responsibility, Taxes, Developed Countries, Tobacco Industry, Marketing, Epidemics

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