Assessment of genetic diversity patterns in Chilean quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasm using multiplex fluorescent microsatellite markers
Open accessAbstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a staple seed crop in the Andean region of South America. Improving quinoa productivity is a primary food-security issue for this region, and has been part of the impetus for the establishment of several new quinoa breeding programs throughout the Andean region. Chilean quinoa has been characterized as morphologically diverse and bifurcated into coastal and highland ecotypes. The success of emerging breeding programs will rely heavily on the development of core germplasm collections and germplasm evaluation--especially of the coastal quinoa ecotypes that are often neglected in traditional breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and quantify the genetic diversity within 28 Altiplano and 31 coastal Chilean accessions of quinoa using microsatellite markers. To facilitate the analysis, we also report the development of seven sets of fluorescent multiplexed microsatellite PCR reactions that result in genetic information for 20 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. A total of 150 alleles were detected among the quinoa accession, ranging from 2 to 20 alleles per locus and an average 7.5 allele/locus. Both cluster (UPGMA) and principal component analyses separated the accessions into two discrete groups. The first group contained quinoa accessions from the north (Andean highlands) and the second group consisted of accessions from the south (lowland or coastal). Three accessions from Europe were classified into the southern quinoa group. The data obtained in the diversity analyses highlights the relationships within and among northern and southern Chilean quinoa accessions and provides the quinoa scientific community with a new set of easy to use and highly informative genetic markers.
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Quinoa accessions cluster into highland and lowland ecotypes, representing genetically distinct groups.
“Quinoa germplasm studies have revealed that quinoa accessions cluster into highland and lowland ecotypes, representing genetically distinct groups.7, 27, 28”
Northern Chilean quinoa varieties are genetically and morphologically distinct from Central-Southern varieties.
“Northern Chilean varieties (cultivated in the extreme arid Altiplano highlands, 3500 – 4000 m above sea level, 19 °S, 150 – 300 mm annual rainfall, saline soils, frequent frost) are genetically and morphologically distinct from Central-Southern varieties”
Northern Chilean quinoa varieties are genetically and morphologically distinct from Central-Southern ecotypes.
“Northern Chilean varieties are genetically and morphologically distinct from Central-Southern ecotypes.7, 27, 28”
The bifurcated grouping pattern corroborates previous genetic analyses indicating that Central-Southern Chilean quinoa varieties group separately from Northern Chilean varieties.
“This bifurcated grouping pattern corroborates previous genetic analyses which indicate that Central-Southern Chilean quinoa varieties group separately from Northern Chilean varieties.27”
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- Authors
- Fuentes, F. F., Martinez, E. A., Hinrichsen, P. V., Jellen, E. N., & Maughan, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Arturo Prat University (CL)
- University of La Serena (CL)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CL)
- Brigham Young University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fuentes, F. F.
- Venue
- Conservation Genetics
- Published
- 2008-05-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 369-377
- ISSN
- 1566-0621 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9737
- OpenAlex
- W1996532262
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- americanae.aecid.es
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Conservation Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Corporación de Fomento de la Producción
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Keywords
- quinoa, genetic diversity, germplasm characterization, quinoa breeding
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