A “triple W”-model of rumination on sadness: why am I feeling sad, what's the meaning of my sadness, and wish I could stop thinking about my sadness (but I can't!)
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The Leuven adaptation of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (RSS) is a 17-item self-report questionnaire with good psychometric properties, designed to measure ruminative responses to sadness on three subscales: Analysis, Understanding, Uncontrollability.
“To examine rumination, the Leuven adaptation of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (RSS) (Raes et al., 2008) was assessed: a 17-item self-report questionnaire with good psychometric properties, designed to measure ruminative responses to sadness on three subscales: Analysis, Understanding, Uncontrollability.”
From Understanding and predicting future relapse in depression from resting state functional connectivity and self-referential processing (2023) · cites this paper as Raes et al., 2008
Cites
Cognitive Therapy of Depression
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Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood
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“For example, in a number of longitudinal naturalistic studies it has been shown that ruminating predicts longer or more severe dysphoria (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991; Nolen-Hoeksema, Parker, & Larson, 1994 ).”
BackgroundEffects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood
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An empirical test of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression
Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023962332399 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: Effects of self-focus and analytic thinking.
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“Recently, researchers have started to move away from the idea that depressive rumination is a single-component concept and have emphasized the importance of distinguishing different aspects, dimensions or facets of depressive rumination (e.g., Fritz, 1999; McFarland & Buehler, 1998; Papageorgiou & Wells, 2003b, 2004;…”
BackgroundInfluentialFresco, D. M., Frankel, A. N., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1014517718949 · Cited by 456 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Research has shown that rumination and worry are related but distinct cognitive processes ( Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Papageorgiou & Wells, 1999).”
BackgroundChildhood and adult sexual abuse, rumination on sadness, and dysphoria
Conway, M., Mendelson, M., Giannopoulos, C., Csank, P. A. R., & Holm, S. L. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.05.004 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Measurement of Depressive Rumination and Associated Constructs
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Interoception, contemplative practice, and health
Farb, N., Daubenmier, J., Price, C. J., Gard, T., Kerr, C., Dunn, B. D., Klein, A. C., Paulus, M. P., & Mehling, W. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00763 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis.
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The Relationship between Mindfulness and Uncontrollability of Ruminative Thinking
Raes, F., & Williams, J. M. G. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0021-6 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationParmentier, F. B. R., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., Yañez, A. M., Andrés, P., & Gili, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00506 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review
McIntyre, R. S., Ismail, Z., Watling, C. P., Weiss, C., Meehan, S. R., Musingarimi, P., & Thase, M. E. (2022) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-022-00468-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
van Kleef, R. S., Kaushik, P., Besten, M., Marsman, J.-B. C., Bockting, C. L. H., van Vugt, M., Aleman, A., & van Tol, M.-J. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.034 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Raes, F., Hermans, D., Williams, J. M. G., Bijttebier, P., & Eelen, P.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Raes, Filip
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2007-04-17
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 526-541
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- OpenAlex
- W2072366011
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- depressive rumination, three-factor model, causal analysis, depression maintenance, scale development
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