Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis.

Olatunji, Bunmi O.; Naragon-Gainey, Kristin; Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate B.

doi:10.1037/h0101719

Cited by 380Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Research TopicsMind wandering and attention

Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis.

Olatunji, Bunmi O., Naragon-Gainey, Kristin, Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate B.·2013·Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

DOI 10.1037/h0101719

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Abstract

The present investigation employed a meta-analysis of 179 correlational studies and 37 clinical group comparison studies to examine the association between rumination and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Meta-analytic correlations revealed moderate associations between rumination and symptoms of anxiety and depression that were strongest for brooding and emotion-driven rumination. Symptoms of anxiety and depression also had significant independent effects on overall rumination and emotion-driven rumination. However, worry partially accounted for the associations of both depression and anxiety with rumination. Those with mood and anxiety disorders also reported more rumination than controls, an effect that was amplified by increased comorbidity. Those with mood disorders reported significantly more rumination than those with anxiety disorders. The implications of these findings for a transdiagnostic view of rumination are discussed.

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Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders are linked to more rumination, and concurrent worry partly explains the link between rumination and depression/anxiety symptoms.
“diagnostic comorbidity composed of mood and anxiety disorders was associated with greater levels of rumination, and concurrent levels of worry partially accounted for the association between rumination to depression and anxiety symptoms.”
From What, me worry and ruminate about dsm-5 and rdoc? The importance of targeting negative self-referential processing (2013) · cites this paper as Olatunji et al., 2013
Rumination, avoidance, and suppression maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology.
“The first pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms involves reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination, avoidance, and suppression, which are known to maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology [29, 58–62].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
Reduced avoidance and suppression may interrupt the feedback loop that amplifies anxiety and depression.
“This may interrupt the feedback loop that amplifies anxiety and depression [30, 58–60].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
Reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies is a pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms.
“The first pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms involves reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination, avoidance, and suppression, which are known to maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology [29, 58–62].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
In our study, worry is not the anxiety aspect that drives its relationship with rumination; ruminative self-awareness seems to be not adaptive for anxious patients also when controlling for worry.
“In contrast to [17], in our study worry is not the anxiety aspect that drives its relationship with rumination. Instead, ruminative self-awareness seems to be not adaptive for anxious patients also when controlling for worry.”
From Psychological well-being and distress in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: The roles of positive and negative functioning (2019) · cites this paper as [17]

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Authors: Olatunji, B. O., Naragon-Gainey, K., & Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Olatunji, Bunmi O.
ORCID: Olatunji, Bunmi O.
Naragon-Gainey, Kristin
Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate B.
Venue: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2013-09
Volume: 20
Issue: 3
Pages: 225-257
ISSN: 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
1468-2850
DOI: 10.1037/h0101719
OpenAlex: W2156182436
Cited by: 380
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 14.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
Keywords: rumination, brooding, worry, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, transdiagnostic mechanisms

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Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis.

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