Teaching EFL students to write with ChatGPT: Students’ motivation to learn, cognitive load, and satisfaction with the learning process
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Studies used AI interventions to address common barriers such as limited teacher feedback, low student motivation for revision, or insufficient opportunities for creative expression.
“These studies used AI interventions to address common barriers such as limited teacher feedback, low student motivation for revision, or insufficient opportunities for creative expression [81-87].”
From A Systematic Review of Generative AI in K–12: Mapping Goals, Activities, Roles, and Outcomes via the 3P Model (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
Large language models support literary writing, story crafting, and creative text generation; students iteratively revise content, adjust style, and sharpen narrative logic, often under teacher guidance.
“Large language models support literary writing, story crafting, and creative text generation; students iteratively revise content, adjust style, and sharpen narrative logic-often under teacher guidance to rework initial plots toward intended effects [84,86,139,144,145].”
From A Systematic Review of Generative AI in K–12: Mapping Goals, Activities, Roles, and Outcomes via the 3P Model (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
These risks have multiple sources: uneven feedback quality, interaction designs that induce excessive cognitive load, and technical constraints (e.g., imperfect speech recognition, misleading 'hallucinations').
“These risks have multiple sources: uneven feedback quality [124], interaction designs that induce excessive cognitive load [84], and technical constraints (e.g., imperfect speech recognition, misleading 'hallucinations') [78,133].”
From A Systematic Review of Generative AI in K–12: Mapping Goals, Activities, Roles, and Outcomes via the 3P Model (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
Cites
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., & Polosukhin, I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.03762 · Cited by 120,404 · see citing works
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology
Davis, F. D. (1989) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249008 · Cited by 68,483 · see citing works
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.14165 · Cited by 23,372 · see citing works
Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research
Robinson, P. M. (2007) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00096.x · Cited by 23,297 · see citing works
Kaugeranna, R., Kaugeranna, E., & Aion, (. S. 4. 6. (2023) · DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics) · doi:10.4230/lipics.giscience.2023.43 · Cited by 13,695 · see citing works
Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning
Sweller, J. (1988) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 · Cited by 11,048 · see citing works
(2006) · Cited by 7,081 · see citing works
Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design
Sweller, J., van Merrienboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. G. W. C. (1998) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1022193728205 · Cited by 6,023 · see citing works
Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data
Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1993) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5657.001.0001 · Cited by 3,537 · see citing works
Students' voices on generative ai: perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.00290 · Cited by 2,504 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…appeal of ChatGPT sparked considerable interest among students, motivating their voluntary participation in the workshop and explaining their initially high levels of motivation, as in line with the findings of Chan and Hu (2023), who reported a willingness among most students to utilize ChatGPT.”
Students’ voices on generative AI: perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8 · Cited by 2,301 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…appeal of ChatGPT sparked considerable interest among students, motivating their voluntary participation in the workshop and explaining their initially high levels of motivation, as in line with the findings of Chan and Hu (2023), who reported a willingness among most students to utilize ChatGPT.”
Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom
Siskin, H. J., & Nunan, D. (1990) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/327949 · Cited by 2,297 · see citing works
Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments
Wang, F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2005) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02504682 · Cited by 2,241 · see citing works
Paas, F. G. W. C. (1992) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.4.429 · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works
ChatGPT for Language Teaching and Learning
Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/00336882231162868 · Cited by 1,371 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…appropriate prompts is not straightforward for non-technical users (Zamfirescu-Pereira et al., 2023), and ChatGPT prompts are an emergent genre, scholars have proposed example prompts for hypothetical ChatGPT use cases in the literature (Hwang & Chen, 2023; Kohnke et al., 2023; Su et al., 2023).”
What the Student Does: teaching for enhanced learning
Biggs, J. (1999) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/0729436990180105 · Cited by 1,332 · see citing works
Genre pedagogy: Language, literacy and L2 writing instruction
Hyland, K. (2007) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2007.07.005 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Walter, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00448-3 · Cited by 1,113 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Therefore, this study supports existing recommendations to optimize instruction for AI in the classroom so that students engage level-appropriate material and tasks yet are challenged to advance their cognitive boundaries (Walter, 2024).”
A cognitive process theory of writing
Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1981) · College Composition & Communication · doi:10.58680/ccc198115885 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Prompt Programming for Large Language Models: Beyond the Few-Shot Paradigm
Reynolds, L., & McDonell, K. (2021) · Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411763.3451760 · Cited by 952 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Proficient crafting of prompts or prompt engineering can significantly enhance the quality of ChatGPT’s generated output and the overall effectiveness of the interaction with ChatGPT (Reynolds & McDonell, 2021).”
Why Johnny Can’t Prompt: How Non-AI Experts Try (and Fail) to Design LLM Prompts
Zamfirescu-Pereira, J. D., Wong, R. Y., Hartmann, B., & Yang, Q. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581388 · Cited by 893 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Since constructing appropriate prompts is not straightforward for non-technical users (Zamfirescu-Pereira et al., 2023), and ChatGPT prompts are an emergent genre, scholars have proposed example prompts for hypothetical ChatGPT use cases in the literature (Hwang & Chen, 2023; Kohnke et al., 2023;…”
Hwang, G., & Chang, H.-F. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.12.002 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Using ChatGPT for second language writing: pitfalls and potentials
Barrot, J. S. (2023) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2023.100745 · Cited by 770 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, students could use ChatGPT with neither much effort nor student input to complete writing assignments, undermining students’ acquisition of English and writing skills (Gayed et al., 2022), and critical and creative thinking (Barrot, 2023).”
Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn
Keller, J. M. (1987) · Performance + Instruction · doi:10.1002/pfi.4160260802 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
The use of think-aloud methods in qualitative research an introduction to think-aloud methods
Charters, E. (2003) · Brock Education Journal · doi:10.26522/brocked.v12i2.38 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Designing tasks for the communicative classroom
Nunan, D. (1991) · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Collaborating with ChatGPT in argumentative writing classrooms
Su, Y., Lin, Y., & Lai, C. (2023) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2023.100752 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Hwang, G., Yang, L., & Wang, S. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.008 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Huang, A. Y. Q., Lu, O. H. T., & Yang, S. J. H. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104684 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
AI-generated feedback on writing: insights into efficacy and ENL student preference
Escalante, J., Pack, A., & Barrett, A. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-023-00425-2 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Learning to summarize from human feedback
Stiennon, N., Ouyang, L., Wu, J., Ziegler, D. M., Lowe, R., Voss, C., Radford, A., Amodei, D., & Christiano, P. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.01325 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
A case study of Augmented Reality simulation system application in a chemistry course
Cai, S., Wang, X., & Chiang, F. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.018 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Feedback in Second Language Writing
(2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635547 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Exploring AI chatbot affordances in the EFL classroom: young learners’ experiences and perspectives
Jeon, J. (2024) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2021.2021241 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Mohamed, A. M. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11917-z · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Exploring an AI-based writing Assistant's impact on English language learners
Gayed, J. M., Carlon, M. K. J., Oriola, A. M., & Cross, J. S. (2022) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100055 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Using Chatbots as AI Conversational Partners in Language Learning
Belda-Medina, J., & Calvo-Ferrer, J. R. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12178427 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Learning English with Augmented Reality: Do learning styles matter?
Hsu, T. (2016) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.007 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Dong, A., Jong, M. S., & King, R. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591203 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Creative Writing with a Machine in the Loop: Case Studies on Slogans and Stories
Clark, E., Ross, A. S., Tan, C., Ji, Y., & Smith, N. A. (2018) · 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3172944.3172983 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Using chatbots to scaffold EFL students’ argumentative writing
Guo, K., Wang, J., & Chu, S. K. W. (2022) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2022.100666 · Cited by 201 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This is because a chatbot can act as an ideal collaborative partner for EFL students (Guo et al., 2022), and ChatGPT is highly capable of natural language tasks such as brainstorming ideas, generating texts, answering questions, rewriting texts and summarizing texts (Ouyang et al., 2022).”
Self-citationReflecting on the think‐aloud method for evaluating e‐learning
Cotton, D., & Gresty, K. (2006) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00521.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Assessing the Usability of ChatGPT for Formal English Language Learning
Shaikh, S., Yayilgan, S. Y., Klimova, B., & Pikhart, M. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe13090140 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Kim, S.-W., & Lee, Y. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12172-y · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Athanassopoulos, S., Manoli, P., Gouvi, M., Lavidas, K., & Komis, V. (2023) · Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research · doi:10.25082/amler.2023.02.009 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Collaborative writing in L2 classrooms: A research agenda
Li, M., & Zhang, M. (2021) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444821000318 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ulla, M. B., Perales, W. F., & Busbus, S. O. (2023) · Learning Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/23735082.2023.2257252 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effects of a Computerized Professional Development Program on Teacher and Student Outcomes
Fisher, J. B., Schumaker, J. B., Culbertson, J. C., & Deshler, D. D. (2010) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/0022487110369556 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Koch, M. R., von Luck, K., Schwarzer, J., & Draheim, S. (2018) · Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) · doi:10.18420/ecscw2018_3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Falletta, S. (1998) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1016/s1098-2140(99)80206-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Representing learning designs – making design explicit and shareable
Conole, G. C., & Wills, S. (2013) · Educational Media International · doi:10.1080/09523987.2013.777184 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Believe in artificial intelligence? A user study on the chatGPT’s fake information impact.
Amaro, I., Barra, P., Greca, A. D., Francese, R., & Tucci, C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3291539 · Cited by 60 · cited 7× · see citing works
“The objective is to explore how students perceive their experience of learning this innovative writing approach in terms of their motivation to learn about ChatGPT, cognitive load, and satisfaction with the learning process.”
InfluentialBuilding successful long child-robot interactions in a learning context
Jacq, A., Lemaignan, S., García, F., Dillenbourg, P., & Paiva, A. (2016) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1109/hri.2016.7451758 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., & Hyland, K. (2023) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2023.100784 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Woo, D. J., Wang, Y., Susanto, H., & Guo, K. (2023) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331231175999 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, D. H. L., & Chiu, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Educational Administration · doi:10.1108/jea-02-2017-0018 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
How Novelists Use Generative Language Models: An Exploratory User Study.
Calderwood, A., Qiu, V., Gero, K. I., & Chilton, L. B. (2020) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cao, S., & Zhong, L. (2023) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.01645 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Shim, K. J., Menkhoff, T., Teo, L. Y. Q., & Ong, C. S. Q. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11795-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hsu, H.-C. (2023) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2023-0043 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Does ChatGPT enhance student learning? A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
Deng, R., Jiang, M., Yu, X., Lu, Y., & Liu, S. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105224 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Investigating L2 writers' critical AI literacy in AI-assisted writing: An APSE model
Wang, C., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101187 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Prompt Engineering in Education: A Systematic Review of Approaches and Educational Applications
Qian, Y. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251365189 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Teng, M. F. (2024) · International Journal of TESOL Studies · doi:10.58304/ijts.20240304 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
A scoping review of empirical studies on generative artificial intelligence in language education
Wang, Y., Zhang, T., Yao, L., & Seedhouse, P. (2025) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2025.2509759 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
AI vs. teacher feedback on EFL argumentative writing: a quantitative study
Alnemrat, A., Aldamen, H. A. K., Almashour, M., Al‐Deaibes, M., & Alsharefeen, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1614673 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Zou, B., Wang, C., He, H., Li, C., Purwanto, E., & Wang, P. (2025) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102158 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Teng, M. F. (2025) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102157 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Xia, L., Shen, K., Sun, H., An, X., & Dong, Y. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13137-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Michel, M. C., Menke-Bazhutkina, I., Abel, N., & Strobl, C. (2025) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101185 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Transforming EFL Teaching with AI: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
Kundu, A., & Bej, T. (2025) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-025-00470-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Revisiting Trends in GenAI-Assisted Second Language Writing: Retrospect and Prospect
Yang, C. H., Li, R., & Yang, L. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251367309 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Al-Abri, A. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13484-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Uludağ, F., Kılıç, E., & Çelik, H. E. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05641-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., & Miao, Z. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70128 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wu, H., Wang, Y., & Lalli, G. S. (2025) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2024-0301 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kızıltaş, Y. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251365187 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Wang, C., Wang, B., & Xu, D. (2025) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102131 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Xia, Q., Zhang, P., Huang, W., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2025.2530503 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lu, G., & Ba, S. (2026) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2025.2489784 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wu, H., Zeng, Y., Chen, Z., & Liu, F. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13672-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lin, X., & Tan, H. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13100840 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cengiz, B. C., Bilki, Z., Ataş, A. H., & Çelik, B. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103837 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ma, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12923 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, D., & Chen, G. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13604 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationDeng, L., & Jamaludin, K. A. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261418315 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Song, X., Zhang, Y., Lu, Z., Xu, L., & Shen, H. (2026) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105578 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Wang, H., & Bao, C. (2025) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2025.2573003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Balancing syntactic complexity and clarity: the role of AI in enhancing academic writing proficiency
Bahari, A. (2025) · Saudi Journal of Language Studies · doi:10.1108/sjls-10-2024-0062 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Arifin, M. A., Rahman, A. A., Balla, A., Susanto, A. K., & Pratiwi, A. C. (2025) · Changing English · doi:10.1080/1358684x.2024.2418132 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dahri, N. A., Dahri, F. H., Laghari, A. A., & Javed, M. (2025) · Complex Engineering Systems · doi:10.20517/ces.2025.07 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cheng, E. C. K. (2025) · International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies · doi:10.1108/ijlls-11-2024-0277 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chen, C., Huang, Z., Ye, X., & Jin, H. (2025) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2025.2532016 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ning, Y., Seah, W. T., Chen, J., Liu, J., & Tan, P. (2026) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105572 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Li, H., Yang, F., & Liu, J. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04204-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Empowering Students' Autonomy in EFL Learning: AI Innovations in Schools of the Global South
Kundu, A., & Bej, T. (2025) · The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries · doi:10.1002/isd2.70041 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Xia, Q., Weng, X., Huang, W., Li, Y. K., Kin, C. W., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13812-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, R., Zou, D., Xie, H., & Wang, F. L. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100489 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
L2 writers’ critical AI literacy in AI-assisted academic writing: scale development and validation
Yao, G., & Fan, L. (2026) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2025-0218 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Qu, Z., & Chen, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1799695 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wong, E. K. C., & Chiu, D. K. W. (2025) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/09610006251331977 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Xia, L., Zhang, L., Shen, K., & Dong, Y. (2026) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2026.2649818 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, C., Tian, Z., & Christiansen, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101229 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
AI Generative in Brazil’s Public Schools: The Teachers’ Perspective
Reis-Andersson, J. (2024) · Proceedings of the International Conference on AI Research. · doi:10.34190/icair.4.1.3219 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparing Hong Kong secondary school students’ perceptions of ChatGPT-assisted EFL writing
Woo, D. J., Wang, D., & Guo, K. (2025) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2025.2525243 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBa, S., Lu, G., Mendoza, N. B., Yang, Y. P., Pan, Z., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251396357 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Li, X., Wang, W., & Gu, L. (2025) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2025.2587925 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Qi, J., Zhao, H., Xiang, R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, C., Jian, L., & Ji, F. (2026) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2025.2601067 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Working with Large Language Models: impacts on performance, efficiency and perceived responsibility
Kares, F., Hannig, L., & Langer, M. (2026) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2026.2666279 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Du, J., & Yang, L. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261461877 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gai, E. (2024) · International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Education (ISAIE) · doi:10.1145/3700297.3700306 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kılıç, E., & Çelik, H. E. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100452 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hernandez, A. A., Albina, E. M., & Caballero, A. R. (2025) · International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control · doi:10.1109/is3c65361.2025.11131023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fang, X., & Du, C. (2025) · Bridging human and machine: future education with intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0950-8_7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tsaï, S. C. (2026) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2026.2645994 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rong, M., & Yao, Y. (2026) · ECNU Review of Education · doi:10.1177/20965311261437802 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Students’ emotions and cognitive loads in chatbot-versus peer-supported reading
Guan, X., Su, Y., Jin, T., Lai, C., & Li, Y. (2026) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/73683 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Designing a Workshop to Develop Azerbaijani Teachers’ Thinking Skills Instruction Through ChatGPT
Aliyev, M., Zhao, G., & Baghirova, A. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8430-4_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Korean EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Using ChatGPT for English Writing
Cho, S. (2025) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · doi:10.18823/asiatefl.2025.22.2.2.220 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-Regulated Language Learning and Generative AI: A Systematic Review
Özturan, T. (2025) · Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.52597/buje.1751534 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Students’ psychological biases towards teacher and AI-generated feedback: an experimental study
Haiyan, Y. U. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04568-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Human–AI Co-Learning in Academic Writing Among Chinese ESL Learners
Chan, J., Wong, J., Ieong, J., & Pang, H. (2026) · Frontiers of digital education. · doi:10.1007/s44366-026-0089-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hamsiah, A., Rizal, A., & Malik, A. R. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-01627-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Almufarreh, A. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18115759 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jin, F., Lin, C., & Lai, C. S. (2026) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105689 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, Z.-H., Xl, X., & Qian, Y. (2026) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2026.114739 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Accuracy and creativity analysis of ChatGPT in quantitative aptitude
Mane, P. C. (2025) · International Journal of Information and Learning Technology · doi:10.1108/ijilt-02-2024-0019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Özer, Ö. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4310-4.ch010
Teacher–GenAI Collaboration to Co-Design Lesson Plans: Theoretical Framework and Usability Study
Gao, L., Liu, Y., Chernikova, O., Su, H., Li, Z., Shen, K., Shang, J., & Fischer, F. (2025) · Computer-supported collaborative learning/The Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference · doi:10.22318/cscl2025.756566
Huang, J. W.-T. (2026) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/73668
Hu, X., Lasagabaster, D., Bier, A., & Gao, R. (2026) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2026.2636133
Kong, B., & Maruthai, E. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04330-x
Perceptions of L2 Writing Support Through Generative AI
Garcés-Manzanera, A. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/407453
Investigating the Use of Articulate 360 and H5P in a Blended Learning Environment
Chen, Q., & Paracha, S. (2026) · International Conference on Educational and Information Technology · doi:10.1109/iceit68991.2026.11521220
Zhang, D., Hong, X., & Qi, Y. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101121 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
When LLMs meet creativity: rethinking GFL writing through Human–LLM co-creation
Guo, X. (2026) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2026.2678315
Uzun, M., Demir, İ., & Höl, D. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9876127/v1
Secondary Teachers Integrating Generative AI to Support EAL Students
Dean, K. M., Barnes, M., & Li, B. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-2716-5.ch007
Anonymous, Chen, X., Xiong, Y., Xu, S., Li, Q., & Zhou, S. (2026) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/9t5b-twsb
Generative AI for Second Language Writing Feedback, Assessment, and Instruction
Li, M., Han, J., & Taha, G. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009657334 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tian, F., Umar, I. N., & Jamiat, N. (2026) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14373-0_1
Li, T., Liu, Z., & Zou, D. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355494 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Peralta, R. L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/60490_2026_34
Annamalai, N., Nasor, M., Eak, A. D., & Alkubaisy, A. A. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1875727 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lam, A. L.-K. (2026) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.70216
Mapping AI’s Potential for Social-Emotional Support in Second Language Acquisition: A Scoping Review
Gao, K.-W., Huang, D., Feng, S., He, W., & Zhang, J. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261488375
Chen, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7472779
Li, Z., & Chen, M. (2026) · Research Synthesis in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1080/29984475.2026.2735862
Lan, Z., & Niu, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1866062
Zou, M., Reinders, H., & Wang, W. (2026) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2026.2733006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ren, X., Wang, R., Liang, Y., & Song, Y. (2026) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence14100231
Fu, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1949431
From prompts to pedagogy: Mapping prompt engineering in English language education
Derinalp, P. (2026) · Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning · doi:10.31681/jetol.1985220
Melnyk, O., Кисельова, І. І., & Терещук, М. О. (2026) · Academic Visions · doi:10.66556/2786-586x.59.melnyk-o
Xiaotian, R., Li, X., Gao, L., Wei, Q., Liu, H., & Yu, X. (2026) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-026-10217-5
Voices in action: learning through debate-based public speaking
Nguyễn, H. K., Tran, H. P., & Phan, T. A. (2026) · Educational Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/13803611.2026.2743764
Zhang, E. D., Yu, C., & Yang, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2026.103100
Student Experiences and Engagement With Prompting
Silambarasan, G., & Shivaraj, G. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4664-7.ch010
- Authors
- Woo, D. J., Wang, D., Guo, K., & Susanto, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Woo, David James
- Venue
- Education and Information Technologies
- Published
- 2024-06-14
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 24963-24990
- ISSN
- 1360-2357 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7608
- OpenAlex
- W4399682187
- Semantic Scholar
- 786848a8987d2fe4796a7896e34b4a52b775ae41
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 39.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Education and Information Technologies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › English Language Learning and Teaching
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, EFL writing, prompt engineering, student motivation, cognitive load, student satisfaction, high school students, AI-assisted writing instruction, scaffolding, think-aloud
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
