Early adversity and the prospective prediction of depressive and anxiety disorders in adolescents
Abstract
The current study was a prospective exploration of the specificity of early childhood adversities as predictors of anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents. Participants were 816 adolescents (414 males, 402 females) with diagnostic information collected at age 15; information on early adversities had been collected from the mothers during pregnancy, at birth, age 6 months, and age 5 years for a related study. Adolescents with "pure" anxiety disorders were compared with adolescents with "pure" depressive disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymia), and these groups were compared to never-ill controls. Analyses controlled for gender and maternal depression and anxiety disorders. Results indicated that adolescents with anxiety disorders were more likely than depressed youth to have been exposed to various early stressors, such as maternal prenatal stress, multiple maternal partner changes, and more total adversities, whereas few early childhood variables predicted depressive disorders. Even when current family stressors at age 15 were controlled, early adversity variables again significantly predicted anxiety disorders. Results suggest that anxiety disorders may be more strongly related to early stress exposure, while depressive disorders may be related to more proximal stressors or to early stressors not assessed in the current study.
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Early life stress is associated with psychiatric illnesses across the diagnostic spectrum, including major depressive disorder, anxiety, substance use, personality disorders, ADHD, and psychotic disorders.
“ELS is associated with illnesses across the diagnostic spectrum, including major depressive disorder (MDD) (Heim and Binder, 2012), anxiety (Phillips et al., 2005), substance use (Andersen and Teicher, 2008), personality disorders (Ball and Links, 2009), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Harold et al., 2013), and psychotic disorders (Varese et al., 2012).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Phillips et al., 2005
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“ELS is associated with illnesses across the diagnostic spectrum, including major depressive disorder (MDD) (Heim and Binder, 2012), anxiety (Phillips et al., 2005), substance use (Andersen and Teicher, 2008), personality disorders (Ball and Links, 2009), attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Harold et al.”
BackgroundEspejo, E. P., Hammen, C. L., Connolly, N. P., Brennan, P. A., Najman, J. M., & Bor, W. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9090-3 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Phillips, N. K., Hammen, C. L., Brennan, P. A., Najman, J. M., & Bor, W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Emory University (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hammen, Constance L.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-24
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W2157707003
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 52239, R01MH052239)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- early childhood adversity, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, adolescents, prenatal stress, family stressors, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, maternal depression, prospective prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Mass Screening, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sexual Partners, Stress, Psychological, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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