Delay and inhibition as early predictors of ADHD symptoms in third grade.
Abstract
We used data from a large, longitudinal study of children in the community, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, to examine how well earlier measures of delay capacity, inhibitory control, planning, and attention predicted symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed in third grade. Children with elevated symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (n = 57) and with inattentive symptoms only (n = 80) were identified via mother and teacher reports using the "or" rule, as were children without significant symptoms (n = 790). Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that poorer performance on earlier measures of resistance to temptation, delay of gratification, response inhibition, attention, and planning obtained from 36 months to 1st grade predicted membership in the two symptom groups relative to the comparison group in 3rd grade, albeit with somewhat different patterns of predictors. Controls for 36 month school readiness and externalizing symptoms indicated that these results were generally robust and not an artifact of initial cognitive or behavioral differences. Implications for developmental models of ADHD are discussed.
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Prospective longitudinal studies suggest that impairments in EF and related brain systems predict later psychosis, ADHD, and PTSD.
“For example, a small number of prospective longitudinal studies have been conducted, and suggest that impairments in EF and related brain systems predict later psychosis, ADHD, and PTSD, suggesting that cognitive deficits may be a risk factor for many disorders (Cannon et al., 2006; Parslow and Jorm, 2007; Campbell and Stauffenberg, 2008).”
From Advancing understanding of executive function impairments and psychopathology: bridging the gap between clinical and cognitive approaches (2015) · cites this paper as Campbell and Stauffenberg, 2008
Cites
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“The notion of multiple pathways to disorder is consistent with the principle of equifinality in developmental psychopathology ( Cicchetti and Rogoff 1996; Cummings et al. 2000).”
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“Finally, the more than 1,000 children in the sample were all assessed at specific age periods thereby allowing more meaningful examination of age trends and avoiding problems inherent in the wide age ranges evident in most studies of ADHD symptoms (e.g., Biederman et al. 1996; Chhabildas et al. 2001 ).”
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“Simultaneously, dysfunctions in several different neural pathways have been hypothesized to account for some of these underlying deficits and defining symptoms (Castellanos et al. 2006; Halperin and Schulz 2006; Nigg et al. 2005).”
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McCrory, E. J., Gerin, M. I., & Viding, E. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12713 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
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Does neurocognitive functioning predict future or persistence of ADHD? A systematic review
van Lieshout, M., Luman, M., Buitelaar, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., & Oosterlaan, J. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.02.003 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
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Attentional Bias in Anxious Youth: Clinical Applications
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- Authors
- Campbell, S. B., & von Stauffenberg, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, Susan B.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2008-09-12
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1998128917
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD25420, U10HD025420)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, delay of gratification, response inhibition, inhibitory control, planning, attention, resistance to temptation, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, third grade, NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, school readiness, externalizing problems
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Demography, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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