Preschool Neuropsychological Measures as Predictors of Later Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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The present study examined preschool neuropsychological measures as predictors of school-age attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants included 168 children (91 males) who completed neuropsychological measures at ages 3 and 4, and who were evaluated for ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder at age 6. The Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT), NEPSY Statue subtest, and a delay aversion task significantly distinguished at-risk children who later did and did not meet criteria for ADHD, with poor to fair overall predictive power, specificity, and sensitivity. However, only the K-CPT ADHD Confidence Index and battery added incremental predictive validity beyond early ADHD symptoms. This battery approach, which required impairment on at least 2 of the 3 significant measures, yielded fair overall predictive power, specificity, and sensitivity, and correctly classified 67 % of children. In addition, there was some support for the specificity hypothesis, with evidence that cool executive function measures (K-CPT and Statue subtest) tended to predict inattentive symptoms. These findings suggest that neuropsychological deficits are evident by preschool-age in children with ADHD, but neuropsychological tests may still misclassify approximately one-third of children if used alone. Thus, neuropsychological measures may be a useful component of early ADHD assessments, but should be used with caution and in combination with other assessment methods.
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There is initial evidence from developmental studies that increased discounting rates contribute to the development and maintenance of problematic and unhealthy behaviors.
“there is initial evidence from developmental studies that increased discounting rates contribute to the development and maintenance of these behaviors”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Breaux et al., 2016
DD is consistently linked with a variety of problematic and unhealthy behaviors.
“Thus, DD is consistently linked with a variety of problematic and unhealthy behaviors”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Breaux et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Breaux, R. P., Griffith, S. F., & Harvey, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harvey, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2016-03-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1455-1471
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC5010792
- OpenAlex
- W2288592429
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH60132)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, preschool children, neuropsychological assessment, executive function, inattentive symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder, predictive validity, specificity hypothesis
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function
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