Behavior Problems at 5 Years of Age and Maternal Mental Health in Autism and Intellectual Disability
Abstract
We examined child behavior problems and maternal mental health in a British population-representative sample of 5 year-old children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), controlling for the presence of an intellectual disability (ID). Behavior problems were significantly higher in children with ASD with/out ID compared to typically developing children, but compared to children with ID only hyperactivity was significantly higher in children with ASD/ID. After controlling for ID and maternal mental health, the presence of ASD significantly increased the odds for hyperactivity, conduct problems and emotional symptoms. Negative maternal outcomes (serious mental illness, psychological distress, and physical health limitations) were not consistently elevated in ASD. The findings highlight the early age at which behavior problems emerge in ASD, and suggest that at this age , there may not be a clear disadvantage for maternal mental health associated with having a child with ASD in the family, over and above that conferred by child behavior problems.
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Parents of children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism experience higher levels of stress and mental health problems than other parents.
“Parents of children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism have been shown to experience higher levels of stress and mental health problems than other parents.”
From A mindfulness parent well-being course: evaluation of outcomes for parents of children with autism and related disabilities recruited through special schools (2018) · cites this paper as Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Lancaster & Berridge, 2011
Mothers of children with ID or ASD are at increased risk for negative well-being outcomes, and these differences emerge by the time the child is five years old.
“Data from recent population-based samples demonstrate increased risk for negative well-being outcomes in mothers of children with ID or ASD, and that these differences emerge early (by the time the child is five years old; Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Berridge & Lancaster 2011; Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Lancaster & Berridge, 2011).”
From A mindfulness parent well-being course: evaluation of outcomes for parents of children with autism and related disabilities recruited through special schools (2018) · cites this paper as Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Berridge & Lancaster 2011
Parents of children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism experience higher levels of stress and mental health problems than other parents.
“Parents of children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism have been shown to experience higher levels of stress and mental health problems than other parents.”
From A mindfulness parent well-being course: evaluation of outcomes for parents of children with autism and related disabilities recruited through special schools (2018) · cites this paper as Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Berridge & Lancaster 2011
Mothers of children with ID or ASD are at increased risk for negative well-being outcomes, and these differences emerge by the time the child is five years old.
“Data from recent population-based samples demonstrate increased risk for negative well-being outcomes in mothers of children with ID or ASD, and that these differences emerge early (by the time the child is five years old; Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Berridge & Lancaster 2011; Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Lancaster & Berridge, 2011).”
From A mindfulness parent well-being course: evaluation of outcomes for parents of children with autism and related disabilities recruited through special schools (2018) · cites this paper as Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Lancaster & Berridge, 2011
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Stress and Parents of Children with Autism: A Review of Literature
Bonis, S. (2016) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2015.1116030 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
The quality of life of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
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“Research indicates that 74% of young people with ASD had clinically signiicant emotional diiculties, such as anger, sadness or anxiety, compared to 18% of TD peers (Totsika et al. 2011).”
Background
- Authors
- Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Emerson, E., Berridge, D. M., & Lancaster, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Lancaster University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Totsika, Vasiliki
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2011-06-28
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1137-1147
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1983592439
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G023727/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, child behavior problems, maternal mental health, hyperactivity, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, maternal distress, early childhood
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Health, Intellectual Disability, Middle Aged, Mothers, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
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