Unfazed or dazed and confused: does early adolescent marijuana use cause sustained impairments in attention and academic functioning?
Open accessAbstract
There is some suggestion that heavy marijuana use during early adolescence (prior to age 17) may cause significant impairments in attention and academic functioning that remain despite sustained periods of abstinence. However, no longitudinal studies have examined whether both male and female adolescents who engage in low (less than once a month) to moderate (at least once a monthly) marijuana use experience increased problems with attention and academic performance, and whether these problems remain following sustained abstinence. The current study used within-individual change models to control for all potential pre-existing and time-stable confounds when examining this potential causal association in two gender-specific longitudinal samples assessed annually from ages 11 to 16 (Pittsburgh Youth Study N = 479; Pittsburgh Girls Study N = 2296). Analyses also controlled for the potential influence of several pertinent time-varying factors (e.g., other substance use, peer delinquency). Prior to controlling for time-varying confounds, analyses indicated that adolescents tended to experience an increase in parent-reported attention and academic problems, relative to their pre-onset levels, during years when they used marijuana. After controlling for several time-varying confounds, only the association between marijuana use and attention problems in the sample of girls remained statistically significant. There was no evidence indicating that adolescents who used marijuana experienced lingering attention and academic problems, relative to their pre-onset levels, after abstaining from use for at least a year. These results suggest that adolescents who engage in low to moderate marijuana use experience an increase in observable attention and academic problems, but these problems appear to be minimal and are eliminated following sustained abstinence.
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Other longitudinal studies argue against the strength or persistence of deficits over shorter periods, especially in studies where abstinence was carefully monitored.
“Further, other longitudinal studies argue against the strength or persistence of deficits over shorter periods, 17,20 especially in studies where abstinence was carefully monitored.101”
From Association of Cannabis With Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
The Discussion’s Conclusions report that the effects of low-to-moderate adolescent marijuana use on attention and academic performance were likely small and did not persist after at least a year of abstinence. But the Limitations and Future Directions section says abstinence was assessed through self-reported past-year use and calls for biochemical verification; it does not support the claim that abstinence was carefully monitored. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdolescents at risk of substance use problems may display cognitive vulnerabilities that could partially contribute to the cognitive findings, although they do not exclude additional deficits.
“Adolescents at risk of substance use problems may display cognitive vulnerabilities, 17,[117][118][119][120] which could partially contribute to cognitive findings described here, although they do not exclude the possibility of additional deficits.”
From Association of Cannabis With Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Pardini, D., White, H. R., Xiong, S., Bechtold, J., Chung, T., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pardini, Dustin
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2015-04-11
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1203-1217
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC4561588
- OpenAlex
- W2013607782
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh048890-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA007453)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH50778, MH078039, R01MH042529, R01MH050778, K01MH078039, MH 48890, MH056630, R01MH056630)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA034608, R01DA012237, DA012237, DA411018, R01DA034608)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- adolescent cannabis use, attention deficits, academic performance, abstinence, gender differences, peer delinquency, Pittsburgh Youth Study, Pittsburgh Girls Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Attention, Cannabis, Child, Cognition Disorders, Educational Measurement, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Schools, Sex Factors, Adolescent Development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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