The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Abnormal Use of Facial Information in High-Functioning Autism
Abstract
Altered visual exploration of faces likely contributes to social cognition deficits seen in autism. To investigate the relationship between face gaze and social cognition in autism, we measured both face gaze and how facial regions were actually used during emotion judgments from faces. Compared to IQ-matched healthy controls, nine high-functioning adults with autism failed to make use of information from the eye region of faces, instead relying primarily on information from the mouth. Face gaze accounted for the increased reliance on the mouth, and partially accounted for the deficit in using information from the eyes. These findings provide a novel quantitative assessment of how people with autism utilize information in faces when making social judgments.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Typically, results indicated less fixation time on the eyes region of the face 10-13, with more variation in fixation on the mouth region; some studies found increased fixation on the mouth region of the face 12 whereas others found no differences in this regard 10,11.”
From Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Visual Scanning of Dynamic Social Scenes in School-Aged Children (2012) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
Wang, Z., Bovik, A. C., Sheikh, H. R., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2003.819861 · Cited by 57,892
Brainard, D. H. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00357 · Cited by 20,012
The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies
Pelli, D. G. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00366 · Cited by 11,110
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,087
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00715 · Cited by 4,555
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 4,313
Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2412 · Cited by 3,670
Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 · Cited by 2,120
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gilpin, W. (2002). Much more laughing and loving with autism. Arlington: Future Horizons.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 350
Ryan, C., Furley, P., & Mulhall, K. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2839-9 · Cited by 12
The eyes know it: Toddlers' visual scanning of sad faces is predicted by their theory of mind skills
Poulin‐Dubois, D., Hastings, P. D., Chiarella, S. S., Geangu, E., Hauf, P., Ruel, A., & Johnson, A. P. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208524 · Cited by 11
Fan, X.-Z., Duan, Y.-W., Yi, L., & He, H. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101646 · Cited by 13
A selective impairment in extracting fearful information from another's eyes in Autism
Song, Y., Hakoda, Y., & Sang, B. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1583 · Cited by 12
Li, Z., Chubinidze, D., Croft, P., Webb, J., Sarpong, A., Zesch, E., & Tchanturia, K. (2024) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-024-00501-7 · Cited by 11
Rutherford, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.4172/2161-0487.1000125 · Cited by 11
Tang, W. Y. F., Fong, K. N. K., & Chung, R. C. K. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05012-w · Cited by 11
A critical period for developing face recognition
Wang, J., Cao, R., Chakravarthula, P. N., Li, X., & Wang, S. (2023) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2023.100895 · Cited by 11
Autism spectrum disorders and chemoreception: dead-end or fruitful avenue of inquiry?
Martin, G. N., & Daniel, N. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00042 · Cited by 12
The use of visual information in the recognition of posed and spontaneous facial expressions
Saumure, C., Plouffe‐Demers, M., Estéphan, A., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (2018) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/18.9.21 · Cited by 12
Apanovich, V., Безденежных, Б. Н., Знаков, В. В., Sams, M. E., Jaaskelainen, J., & Alexandrov, Y. I. (2016) · Experimental Psychology (Russia) · doi:10.17759/exppsy.2016090202 · Cited by 11
A cross-cultural study of visual attention in autism spectrum disorder
Nayar, K., Kang, X., Winston, M., Wong, P. C. M., & Losh, M. C. (2022) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2022.2094904 · Cited by 10
Laskowitz, S., Griffin, J. W., Geier, C. F., & Scherf, K. S. (2021) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Horlin, C., Falkmer, M., Fitzgerald, P., Leung, D., Ordqvist, A., & Falkmer, T. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.012 · Cited by 14
Falkmer, M. (2013) · Jonkoping University Library (Jönköping University) · Cited by 10
Chakrabarty, M., & Wada, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58971-y · Cited by 9
4. The Acquisition of Sign Language by Deaf Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Shield, A., & Meier, R. P. (2014) · Multilingual Matters eBooks · doi:10.21832/9781783091317-007 · Cited by 12
Li, T., Wang, X., Pan, J., Feng, S., Gong, M., Wu, Y., Li, G., Li, S., & Yi, L. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1823 · Cited by 10
Philpott, A. L., Rinehart, N., Gray, K. M., Howlin, P., & Cornish, K. M. (2013) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1179/2047387713y.0000000015 · Cited by 9
Processing emotion from the eyes: A divided visual field and ERP study
Beaton, A. A., Fouquet, N. C., Maycock, N. C., Platt, E., Payne, L. S., & Derrett, A. (2011) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/1357650x.2010.517848 · Cited by 7
Reduced Pupil Oscillation During Facial Emotion Judgment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sun, S., Webster, P. J., Wang, Y., Yu, H., Yu, R., & Wang, S. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05478-2 · Cited by 8
Traitement de l’information faciale dans l’autisme
Labruyère, N., & Hubert, B. (2009) · L Évolution Psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2008.12.008 · Cited by 8
Girli, A., & TUNALI, S. D. (2018) · World Journal of Education · doi:10.5430/wje.v8n2p10 · Cited by 8
Facial Expression Production and Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Keating, C. T., & Cook, J. L. (2021) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.010 · Cited by 8
Magrelli, S., Noris, B., Jermann, P., Ansermet, F., Hentsch, F., Nadel, J., & Billard, A. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development · doi:10.1109/tamd.2014.2327812 · Cited by 8
Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Kuo, F., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Yan, Y., Ng, M. L., Wang, L., Yan, N., et al. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2918 · Cited by 7
Lee, I., Walker, D. I., Lin, Y., Smith, M. R., Mandl, K. D., Jones, D. P., & Kong, S. W. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104746 · Cited by 7
Atypical neural encoding of faces in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Wang, Y., Cao, R., Chakravarthula, P. N., Yu, H., & Wang, S. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae060 · Cited by 8
Association between polymorphisms in NOS3 and KCNH2 and social memory
Henningsson, S., Zettergren, A., Hovey, D., Jönsson, L., Svärd, J., Cortes, D. S., Melke, J., Ebner, N. C., Laukka, P., Fischer, H., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00393 · Cited by 7
To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing
Hedger, N., & Chakrabarti, B. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2349 · Cited by 7
Polet, K., Hesse, S., Kullmann, B., Morisot, A., Louchart, S., & Pesce, A. (2016) · NPG. Neurologie, psychiatrie, gériatrie/NPG · doi:10.1016/j.npg.2016.03.012 · Cited by 7
Ma, W., & Zhu, B. (2014) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.00528 · Cited by 6
Falkmer, M., Black, M. H., Tang, J. S. Y., Fitzgerald, P., Girdler, S. J., Leung, D., Ordqvist, A., Tan, T., Jahan, I., & Falkmer, T. (2014) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2014.928387 · Cited by 7
Skwerer, D. P. (2017) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2017.08.004 · Cited by 9
Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective
Townsend, J., & Westerfield, M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1364-7_10 · Cited by 6
Deschamps, L., Leplain, S., & Vandromme, L. (2014) · Enfance · doi:10.4074/s0013754514004017 · Cited by 13
Zhang, H., Hu, C., Wang, Z., Zhou, B., Wang, X., Nie, W., Ye, Q., Lin, R., Xu, X., & Liu, H. (2025) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3531421 · Cited by 5
A Learning Paradigm for Selecting Few Discriminative Stimuli in Eye-Tracking Research
Zhong, W., Xia, C., Yu, L., Li, K., Li, Z., Zhang, D., & Han, J. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3573729 · Cited by 5
Bustos-Valenzuela, P., August Romeo, A., Boxhoorn, S., Helfer, B., Freitag, C. M., Asherson, P. J., & Supèr, H. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100045 · Cited by 6
Vacas, J., Antolí, A., Sánchez-Raya, A., Dueñas, C. P., & Cuadrado, F. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00109 · Cited by 6
Hanley, M., Riby, D. M., Derges, M., Douligeri, A., Philyaw, Z., Ikeda, T., Monden, Y., Shimoizumi, H., Yamagata, T., & Hirai, M. (2020) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12942 · Cited by 5
Morel‐Kohlmeyer, S., Thillay, A., Roux, S., Amado, I., Brénugat-Herné, L., Carteau‐Martin, I., Danset-Alexandre, C., Gaudelus, B., Graux, J., Peyroux, É., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643551 · Cited by 6
Takezawa, T., Ogoshi, S., Ogoshi, Y., Mitsuhashi, Y., & Hiratani, M. (2012) · Industrial Engineering & Management Systems · doi:10.7232/iems.2012.11.2.142 · Cited by 5
Intact anger recognition in depression despite aberrant visual facial information usage
Clark, C. M., Chiu, C. G., Diaz, R. L., & Goghari, V. M. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.065 · Cited by 5
Bush, J., & Kennedy, D. P. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21368-2_7 · Cited by 6
Jeppesen, A. C. E., Andresen, J., Parvaiz, R., Clemmensen, L., Jepsen, J. R. M., Hansen, D. W., & Glenthøj, L. B. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316502 · Cited by 5
Gaze cues in complex, real-world scenes direct the attention of high-functioning adults with autism
Redcay, E., O'Young, D., Slevc, L. R., Mavros, P. L., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Sinha, P. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 4
Pupillary response during social emotion tasks in autism spectrum disorder
Lee, J., Chang, Y., Tseng, Y., Chou, T., & Chien, Y. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3206 · Cited by 6
Hutchings, R., Palermo, R., Hazelton, J. L., Piguet, O., & Kumfor, F. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091195 · Cited by 4
Shdo, S. M., Brown, C. L., Yuan, J., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2022) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000525958 · Cited by 4
Recognition of Emotions From Facial Expression and Situational Cues in Children with Autism
Tell, D. (2009) · Loyola eCommons (Loyola University of Chicago) · Cited by 4
Omega-3 fatty acids for autistic spectrum disorder
James, S., Montgomery, P., Wheeler, D. M., & Williams, K. J. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007992 · Cited by 4
Artificial Faces Predict Gaze Allocation in Complex Dynamic Scenes
Rösler, L., Rubo, M., & Gamer, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02877 · Cited by 3
Kelly, C. L., Bernardet, U., & Kessler, K. (2020) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) · doi:10.1109/vrw50115.2020.00134 · Cited by 3
Uljarević, M., Bott, N. T., Libove, R. A., Phillips, J. M., Parker, K. J., & Hardan, A. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736324 · Cited by 3
Chung, C., Choi, S., Jeong, H., Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1235238 · Cited by 3
Soto, F. A., & Beevers, C. G. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.011 · Cited by 4
Boer, J., Boonstra, N., Kronenberg, L. M., Stekelenburg, R., & Sizoo, B. B. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21081092 · Cited by 3
Dalrymple, K. A., Wall, N. G., Spezio, M., Hazlett, H. C., Piven, J., & Elison, J. T. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202875 · Cited by 4
Self-citationRecognition of autism spectrum disorder based on face processing abnormality
Cui, D. Y., Han, X., Chen, H., Han, J., Li, X., & Kang, J. (2019) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2019-0024 · Cited by 3
McCrackin, S. D., Ristic, J., Mayrand, F., & Capozzi, F. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2whmp · Cited by 3
Demirtaş, Ş., & Aykut, Ç. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/s10864-024-09576-2 · Cited by 2
Alterations in looking at face-pareidolia images in autism
Galli, J., Vezzoli, M., Loi, E., Micheletti, S., Molinaro, A., Tagliavento, L., Calza, S., Sokolov, A. N., Pavlova, M. A., & Fazzi, E. M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98461-7 · Cited by 2
Feczko, E., Shulman, G. L., Petersen, S. E., & Pruett, J. R. (2014) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/14.2.15 · Cited by 2
Furukawa, K., Mori, K., Mori, K., Nakano, S., Takahashi, K., Hashimoto, H., & Tanioka, T. (2017) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2018.81003 · Cited by 2
Social interactions : Evolution, Psychology and Benefits
Richard, F., Roth, E., Aubert, A., Greiveldenger, L., Boissy, A., Batty, M., Meaux, E., Cheung, C., Ng, S. H., Coudret, E., et al. (2013) · Cited by 2
Measuring how genetic and epigenetic variants can filter emotion perception
Taschereau‐Dumouchel, V., Hétu, S., Chagnon, Y. C., & Jackson, P. L. (2015) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000102 · Cited by 2
Neuropsychologie et remédiations des troubles du spectre de l’autisme
Kovarski, K., Meaux, E., & Batty, M. (2018) · De Boeck Supérieur eBooks · doi:10.3917/dbu.breti.2018.01.0137 · Cited by 2
Amaral, D. G., Rubenstein, J. L. R., & Rogers, S. J. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470515167.ch23 · Cited by 2
Computational Mechanisms of Face Perception
Wang, J. (2023) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.11823 · Cited by 2
Figueira, M., Fuentes-Durá, I., & Juan, C. S. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/29746 · Cited by 1
Eyewitness testimony by adults with autism spectrum disorder
Maras, K. (2013) · doi:10.5255/ukda-sn-851109 · Cited by 1
Social cognition and communication skills in Asperger syndrome young adults
Figueira, M., & Fuentes-Durá, I. (2017) · Psychology Society & Education · doi:10.25115/psye.v5i2.502 · Cited by 1
Ogoshi, Y., Mitsuhashi, Y., Ogoshi, S., Nakai, A., MATSUURA, S., & Araki, C. (2011) · Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics · doi:10.3156/jsoft.23.218 · Cited by 1
Facial Emotion Recognition In Children With Asperger's Disorder And In Children With Social Phobia
Wong, N. Y. H. (2010) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 1
Nam, S., Song, H.-Y., & Kim, Y. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11115169 · Cited by 1
Literature Review on the Application of Eye Movement Technology in Autism Research
刘, 静. (2020) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2020.105068 · Cited by 1
Xie, J., Chen, J., Wu, J., Liu, Y., Gu, X., Jiang, W., Yang, M., & Huang, Y. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12432 · Cited by 1
How Autistic Persons Perceive Faces (Cerebral Organization of Face Recognition and Autism)
Glezerman, T. B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4112-0_4 · Cited by 1
Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective
Townsend, J., Westerfield, M., & Chukoskie, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14895-9_12 · Cited by 1
Hutchins, T. L., & Sedeyn, C. M. (2021) · Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/215416472105600106 · Cited by 1
What Decision Neuroscience Teaches Us About Financial Decision Making
Bossaerts, P. L. (2008) · Annual Review of Financial Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-financial-102708-141514 · Cited by 111
Field, C. (2015) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 1
Scherf, K. S., Behrmann, M., & Humphreys, K. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635465.019 · Cited by 1
Shic, F. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1474 · Cited by 1
The influence of face masks on emotion recognition and the role of individual differencesPreprint
McCrackin, S. D., Capozzi, F., Mayrand, F., & Ristic, J. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dx94v · Cited by 1
A model of the neural basis of predecisional processes
Taber‐Thomas, B. C. (2011) · doi:10.17077/etd.ekwc19m1
Påverkar autistiska personlighetsdrag förmågan att minnas ansiktsemotioner
Wadestig, C., & Fridholm, L. (2012) · Högskolan Kristianstad Publikationer
Noninvasive detection of face perception characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorders
Gunji, A., & Inagaki, M. (2013) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12038
Using social stories and trained peer partners to teach perspective taking
Twersky, T. (2014) · Rowan Digitals Works (Rowan University)
Characteristics of visual function in Asperger’s syndrome and the autism spectrum
Whiskens, A. (2010) · Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) · doi:10.48780/publications.aston.ac.uk.00009546
Emotion perception in the multisensory brain
Jessen, S. (2012)
Orsati, F. T., Mecca, T. P., de Melo, D. F., Schwartzman, J. S., & de Macedo, E. C. (2009) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Facial motion perception in autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls
Girges, C. (2015) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)
Williams, J. (2011) · e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)
The neurophysiology of social decision making
Klein, J. T. (2010) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Obermeier, S. M. (2014) · KU ScholarWorks (University of Kansas)
Metadata
- Authors
- Spezio, M. L., Adolphs, R., Hurley, R. S. E., & Piven, J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adolphs, Ralph
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2006-09-28
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 929-939
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2103552315
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, high-functioning autism, face gaze, eye region, oral region, emotion judgment, social cognition, facial expression perception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Autistic Disorder, Child, Cognition Disorders, Facial Expression, Humans, Judgment, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Severity of Illness Index, Space Perception, Visual Perception, Wechsler Scales
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
