The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Predictors of Language Acquisition in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
In 118 children followed from age 2 to 5 (59 with autism, 24 with PDD-NOS and 35 with non-spectrum developmental disabilities), age 2 and age 3 scores of non-verbal ability, receptive communication, expressive communication and socialization were compared as predictors of receptive and expressive language at age 5. Non-verbal cognitive ability at age 2 was generally the strongest predictor of age 5 language, while at age 3 communication scores were a stronger predictor of age 5 language for children with autism. Early joint attention as well as vocal and motor imitation skills were more impaired in children who did not develop language by age 5 (but had relatively strong non-verbal cognitive skills) than in children who did develop language by 5.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“initiating joint attention at age two was associated with better language outcomes at age five,5”
From Longitudinal follow-up of children with autism receiving targeted interventions on joint attention and play (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
Self-citationMullen Scales of Early Learning
Bradley‐Johnson, S. (1997) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6807(199710)34:4 · Cited by 2,329
Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
(2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939352 · Cited by 2,262
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Sparrow, S. S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1602 · Cited by 1,984
Adult outcome for children with autism
Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x · Cited by 1,813
Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 · Cited by 1,602
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., & Liaw, J. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 · Cited by 1,477
Pervasive Developmental Disorders in preschool children
Chakrabarti, S. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.24.3093 · Cited by 1,132
A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children
Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02206861 · Cited by 1,119
Language and Communication in Autism
Tager-Flusberg, H. B., Paul, R., & Lord, C. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939345.ch12 · Cited by 1,022
Self-citationAutism From 2 to 9 Years of Age
Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P. S., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles, A. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694 · Cited by 973
Self-citationSigman (1999) · doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00002 · Cited by 809
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Kim, S. H., & Lord, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1520-2 · Cited by 782
Self-citationWhy is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism?
Charman, T. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1199 · Cited by 708
Mullen Scales of Early Learning: Ags Edition
Dumont, R., & Willis, J. O. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced1402 · Cited by 667
Imitation performance in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders
Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S. L., Stackhouse, T., & Wehner, E. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00162 · Cited by 648
A Follow‐Up Study of High‐Functioning Autistic Children
Venter, A., Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1992) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x · Cited by 527
Self-citationPredicting language outcome in infants with autism and pervasive developmental disorder
Charman, T., Baron‐Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., Baird, G., Drew, A., & Cox, A. (2003) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/136820310000104830 · Cited by 489
Rogers, S. J., Wehner, E. A., & Hagerman, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200112000-00008 · Cited by 487
A Five to Fifteen Year Follow-Up Study of Infantile Psychosis
Rutter, M. L., Greenfeld, D., & Lockyer, L. (1967) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 · Cited by 477
Charman, T., Taylor, E., Drew, A., Cockerill, H., Brown, J., & Baird, G. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x · Cited by 469
Gillberg, C., & Steffenburg, S. (1987) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01495061 · Cited by 436
Motor Imitation in Young Children with Autism: What's the Object?
Stone, W. L., Ousley, O., & Littleford, C. D. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1022685731726 · Cited by 423
A Five- to Fifteen-Year Follow-up Study of Infantile Psychosis
Lockyer, L., & Rutter, M. L. (1969) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.115.525.865 · Cited by 407
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary Norms for Individuals with Autism
Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Wang, J.-J., Lord, C., Dawson, G., Fombonne, E., Loveland, K., Mesibov, G., & Schopler, E. (1998) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1026056518470 · Cited by 367
Self-citationThe Pre-Linguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
DiLavore, P. C., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. L. (1995) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02179373 · Cited by 359
Self-citationPredicting spoken language level in children with autism spectrum disorders
Stone, W. L., & Yoder, P. J. (2001) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361301005004002 · Cited by 340 · cited 2×
“These motor measures include imitating actions and reproducing certain sounds (such as ‘‘blowing raspberries’’) (Gernsbacher et al., 2002; Stone & Yoder, 2001 ).”
BackgroundMethodLanguage‐association cortex asymmetry in autism and specific language impairment
De Fossé, L., Hodge, S. M., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., McGrath, L., Steele, S., Ziegler, D. A., Herbert, M. R., Frazier, J. A., et al. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20275 · Cited by 339
Predictors of outcome among high functioning children with autism and Asperger syndrome
Szatmari, P., Bryson, S. E., Boyle, M. H., Streiner, D. L., & Duku, E. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00141 · Cited by 310
Social Deficits in Autism: An Operational Approach Using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Goudreau, D., Cicchetti, D. V., Paul, R., & Cohen, D. J. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 · Cited by 305
Mullen Scales of Early Learning
Lee, E. B. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_596 · Cited by 251
Improvement in Cognitive and Language Skills from Preschool to Adolescence in Autism
Sigman, M., & McGovern, C. W. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1027-5 · Cited by 227
DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERS: FROM PHENOTYPES TO ETIOLOGIES
Anderson, R. T. (2006) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263106240063 · Cited by 221
Developmental Language Disorders
(2004) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610881 · Cited by 211
A follow-up study of 201 children with autism in Kyushu and Yamaguchi areas, Japan
Kobayashi, R., Murata, T., & Yoshinaga, K. (1992) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01048242 · Cited by 197
Review of Vineland Social Maturity Scale.
Shneidman, E. S. (1956) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0039599 · Cited by 170
Trajectory of Language Development in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Lord, C., Risi, S., & Pickles, A. R. (2004) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610881-7 · Cited by 168
Self-citationSIEGEL, B., PLINER, C., ESCHLER, J., & ELLIOTT, G. R. (1988) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-198808000-00004 · Cited by 132
Vineland Social Maturity Scale
Doll, E. A. (1935) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t66120-000 · Cited by 127
Lord, C., & Pickles, A. R. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00024 · Cited by 104
Self-citationStarr, E. M., Szatmári, P., Bryson, S. E., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1022222202970 · Cited by 94
Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1989) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00269.x · Cited by 92
Self-citationAre Abilities Abnormally Interdependent in Children With Autism?
Dyck, M. J., Piek, J. P., Hay, D., Smith, L., & Hallmayer, J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3501_3 · Cited by 88
Parental perception of behavioral symptoms in Japanese autistic children
Ohta, M., Nagai, Y., Hara, H., & Sasaki, M. (1987) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01486970 · Cited by 87
Oliver, B. R., Dale, P. S., & Plomin, R. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000904006221 · Cited by 82
The Research Basis for Autism Intervention
Schopler, E., Yirmiya, N., Shulman, C., & Marcus, L. M. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b100332 · Cited by 74
Recent Advances in Medical Statistics
Vargas‐De‐León, C. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94647 · Cited by 3
Issues in Early Comprehension Development of Children with Autism
Watson, L. R. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47946-x_10 · Cited by 2
Abbeduto (2004) · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Dunn, L. M. (1959). Manual for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
- Elliot, C. (1990). Manual for the Differential Abilities Scales. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
- Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., O’Reilly, M. C., Sauer, E. S., DeRuyter, J. L., & Blanc, M. (2002, April). Infant motor dyspraxia as a predictor of speech in childhood autism. Poster presented at the international conference on infant studies, Toronto.
- Hedrick, D. L., Prather, E. M., & Tobin, A. R. (1975). Sequenced inventory of communication development. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
- Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (2003). The Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI-R). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
- Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
- Zimmerman, I. L., Steiner, V. G., & Pond, R. E. (2004). Technical report: Preschool Language Scale (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tager‐Flusberg, H., & Kasari, C. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1329 · Cited by 985
Lyons, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_979 · Cited by 964
Patterns of growth in verbal abilities among children with autism spectrum disorder.
Anderson, D. K., Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P. S., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., Welch, K., & Pickles, A. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.4.594 · Cited by 553
Self-citationLanguage Assessment and Development in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Luyster, R. J., Kadlec, M. B., Carter, A., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0510-1 · Cited by 539
Atypical attentional networks and the emergence of autism
Keehn, B., Müller, R.-A., & Townsend, J. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.014 · Cited by 412
Metadata
- Authors
- Thurm, A., Lord, C., Lee, L.-C., & Newschaffer, C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thurm, Audrey
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2006-12-19
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1721-1734
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2034930358
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Society for Research in Child Development
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066496, F32MH066469, MH066469)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD35482, P01HD035482)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- language acquisition, autism spectrum disorder, preschool children, receptive communication, expressive communication, socialization, joint attention, vocal imitation, motor imitation, predictive factors, developmental disabilities
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child Language, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Verbal Learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review