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Cited by 469Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesChild and Animal Learning Development

Outcome at 7 years of children diagnosed with autism at age 2: predictive validity of assessments conducted at 2 and 3 years of age and pattern of symptom change over time

Charman, Tony, Taylor, Emma, Drew, Auriol, Cockerill, Helen, Brown, Jo‐Anne, Baird, Gillian·2005·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive validity of symptom severity, cognitive and language measures taken at ages 2 and 3 years to outcome at age 7 in a sample of children diagnosed with autism at age 2. METHOD: Twenty-six children diagnosed with autism at age 2 were re-assessed at ages 3 and 7 years. At each age symptom severity, cognitive and language assessments were completed. RESULTS: The pattern of autistic symptom severity varied over time by domain. Across time, children moved across diagnostic boundaries both in terms of clinical diagnosis and in terms of instrument diagnosis on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). On all measures group variability in scores increased with age. Although non-verbal IQ (NVIQ) for the group as a whole was stable across the 3 assessments, this masked considerable individual instability. Standard assessments at age 2 did not predict outcome at age 7 even within the same domain of functioning. In contrast, standard assessments at age 3 did predict outcome. However, a measure of rate of non-verbal communicative acts taken from an interactive play-based assessment at age 2 was significantly associated with language, communication and social outcomes at age 7. CONCLUSIONS: The trajectory of autism symptoms over time differed in different domains, suggesting that they may be, at least in part, separable. Variability in language, NVIQ and symptom severity increased over time. Caution is required when interpreting the findings from assessments of children with autism at age 2 years. At this age measures of rate of non-verbal communication might be more informative than scores on standard psychometric tests. Predictive validity of assessments at age 3 years was greater.

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  • The use of a smaller number of broader principles leaves room for changes across development within the ASD domains.

    “The use of a smaller number of broader principles also leaves room for changes across development within the ASD domains, a phenomenon that is very well documented in research (e.g., Charman et al. 2005, Richler et al. 2010, Shattuck et al. 2007).”

    From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Charman et al. 2005

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Authors
Charman, T., Taylor, E., Drew, A., Cockerill, H., Brown, J., & Baird, G.
Affiliations
  • University College London (GB)
  • Guy's Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Charman, Tony
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-04-21
Volume
46
Issue
5
Pages
500-513
ISSN
  • 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7610
DOI
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x
OpenAlex
W2036379035
Cited by
469
References
5
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 36
FWCI
12.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Research Councils UK
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, early diagnosis, predictive validity, nonverbal communication, non-verbal IQ, language development, social outcomes, longitudinal outcomes, play-based assessment, ADI-R
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Language Disorders, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome

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