Adaptive Behavior Ratings Correlate With Symptomatology and IQ Among Individuals With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Caregiver report on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS) for 40 high-functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and 30 typically developing (TD) individuals matched for age, IQ, and sex ratio revealed global adaptive behavior deficits in ASD, with social skills impairments particularly prominent. Within the ASD group, adaptive communication skills were positively related to IQ while global adaptive functioning was negatively associated with autism symptomatology. Autistic behavior ratings related negatively to ABAS scores in the TD but not the ASD group. This investigation demonstrates: the utility of an adaptive functioning checklist for capturing impairments, even in high-functioning individuals with ASD; and that a relationship between social abilities and autism exists independently of intelligence.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ABAS-II has been validated for capturing adaptive functioning impairments with good test-retest reliability and convergent validity.
“Multiple studies have validated the ABAS-II for capturing adaptive functioning impairments with good test–retest reliability and convergent validity (Farmer et al., 2018; Harrison & Oakland, 2003; Kenworthy et al., 2010; Milne et al., 2013).”
From Parenting Stress, Child Social Functioning, and Part C Early Intervention in Predominantly Low-Income Families of Children With or at High Risk for Developmental Delay From Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups (2023) · cites this paper as Kenworthy et al., 2010
In ASD, adaptive abilities are consistently impaired in most or all domains, particularly socialization skills.
“In ASD individuals, those abilities are consistently impaired in most, if not all domains, but particularly in socialization skills (Bolte & Poustka, 2002; Carter et al., 1998; Kenworthy, Case, Harms, Martin, & Wallace, 2010).”
From WISC-IV profile in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Impaired processing speed is associated with increased autism communication symptoms and decreased adaptive communication abilities (2012) · cites this paper as Kenworthy, Case, Harms, Martin, & Wallace, 2010
Klin et al. (2007) and Kenworthy et al. (2010) found significant correlations between adaptive communication and IQ in three high-functioning ASD samples.
“While Klin et al. (2007) and Kenworthy et al. (2010) find significant correlations between adaptive communication and IQ in three high-functioning ASD samples”
From WISC-IV profile in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Impaired processing speed is associated with increased autism communication symptoms and decreased adaptive communication abilities (2012) · cites this paper as Kenworthy et al. (2010)
Adaptive social skills do not appear to have a significant association with intelligence in children with high-functioning ASD.
“adaptive social skills do not appear to have a significant association with intelligence in children with high-functioning ASD (Freeman et al., 1999; Kenworthy et al., 2010).”
From WISC-IV profile in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Impaired processing speed is associated with increased autism communication symptoms and decreased adaptive communication abilities (2012) · cites this paper as Kenworthy et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065 · see citing works
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520 · see citing works
Constantino, J. N., Davis, S. A., Todd, R. D., Schindler, M. K., Gross, M. M., Brophy, S. L., Metzger, L. M., Shoushtari, C. S., Splinter, R., & Reich, W. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025014929212 · Cited by 1,611 · see citing works
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
Reynolds, C. R. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese0182 · Cited by 1,054 · see citing works
Autism diagnostic interview: A standardized investigator-based instrument
Le Couteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M., & McLennan, J. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02212936 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Klin, A., Saulnier, C. A., Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., Volkmar, F. R., & Lord, C. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0229-4 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System
Malatino, K. W. (2018) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Intellectual and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.4135/9781483392271.n14 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Lainhart, J. E., Bigler, E. D., Bocian, M., Coon, H., Dinh, E., Dawson, G., Deutsch, C. K., Dunn, M., Estes, A., Tager‐Flusberg, H., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31465 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary Norms for Individuals with Autism
Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Wang, J.-J., Lord, C., Dawson, G., Fombonne, E., Loveland, K., Mesibov, G., & Schopler, E. (1998) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1026056518470 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Predictors and Correlates of Adaptive Functioning in Children with Developmental Disorders
Liss, M., Harel, B., Fein, D., Allen, D., Dunn, M., Feinstein, C., Morris, R., Waterhouse, L., & Rapin, I. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010707417274 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Perry, A., Flanagan, H. E., Geier, J. D., & Freeman, N. L. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0704-9 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Predictors of language acquisition in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders
Thurm, A., Lord, C., Lee, L.-C., & Newschaffer, C. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0300-1 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Social Deficits in Autism: An Operational Approach Using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Goudreau, D., Cicchetti, D. V., Paul, R., & Cohen, D. J. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Sensory Modulation and Affective Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Asperger’s Disorder
Pfeiffer, B., Kinnealey, M., Reed, C. N., & Herzberg, G. L. (2005) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.59.3.335 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Bölte, S., & Poustka, F. (2002) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1023/a:1020734325815 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Toward a Developmental Operational Definition of Autism
Gillham, J. E., Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., & Sparrow, S. S. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005571115268 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Scores as a Function of Age and Initial IQ in 210 Autistic Children
Freeman, B. J., Del'Homme, M., Guthrie, D., & Zhang, F. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1023078827457 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Effects of age and IQ on adaptive behavior domains for children with autism
Schatz, J., & Hamdan-Allen, G. (1995) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02178167 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Fenton, G., D’Ardia, C., Valente, D., Vecchio, I. D., Fabrizi, A., & Bernabei, P. (2003) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361303007003004 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Black, D. O., Wallace, G. L., Sokoloff, J. L., & Kenworthy, L. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0795-3 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative assessment of autistic symptomatology in preschoolers
Pine-Twaddell, E. D., Luby, J. L., Abbacchi, A. M., & Constantino, J. N. (2006) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361306064434 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Improving the Reliability of Autism Diagnoses: Examining the Utility of Adaptive Behavior
Tomanik, S. S., Pearson, D. A., Loveland, K. A., Lane, D. M., & Shaw, J. B. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0227-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Kenworthy, L. E., Black, D. O., Wallace, G. L., Ahluvalia, T., Wagner, A. E., & Sirian, L. M. (2005) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2803_4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationFenton, G., D’Ardia, C., VALENTE, D., et al. (2003) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613030073004 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Demographic, Clinical, and Psychosocial Predictors of the Reliability of Mothers' Clinical Judgments
McCarthy, P. L., Cicchetti, D. V., Sznajderman, S. D., Forsyth, B. C., BARON, M. A., Fink, H. D., Czarkowski, N., Bauchner, H., & Lustman-Findling, K. (1991) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.88.5.1041 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hyman, S. L., Levy, S. E., Myers, S. M., COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, S. O. D. A. B. P., Kuo, D. Z., Apkon, S., Davidson, L. F., Ellerbeck, K. A., Foster, J. E. A., Noritz, G. H., et al. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3447 · Cited by 1,548 · see citing works
Alvares, G. A., Bebbington, K., Cleary, D., Evans, K., Glasson, E. J., Maybery, M. T., Pillar, S., Uljarević, M., Varcin, K., Wray, J., et al. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319852831 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Oliveras-Rentas, R. E., Kenworthy, L., Roberson, R. B., Martin, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1289-7 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“…et al. (2010) find significant correlations between adaptive communication and IQ in three highfunctioning ASD samples, adaptive social skills do not appear to have a significant association with intelligence in children with high-functioning ASD (Freeman et al. 1999; Kenworthy et al. 2010).”
InfluentialSelf-citationAnagnostou, E., Jones, N., Huerta, M., Halladay, A. K., Wang, P., Scahill, L., Horrigan, J. P., Kasari, C., Lord, C., Choi, D., et al. (2015) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361314542955 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Pugliese, C. E., Anthony, L. G., Strang, J. F., Dudley, K., Wallace, G. L., Naiman, D. Q., & Kenworthy, L. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2584-5 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationWallace, G. L., Case, L. K., Harms, M. B., Silvers, J. A., Kenworthy, L., & Martin, A. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1170-0 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationSensory processing in autism across exteroceptive and interoceptive domains.
Proff, I., Williams, G. L., Quadt, L., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/pne0000262 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Adaptive Behavior in Toddlers Under Two with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Paul, R., Loomis, R., & Chawarska, K. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1279-9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lundin, K., Mahdi, S., Isaksson, J., & Bölte, S. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320975311 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Related to Autism, IQ, and Adaptive Functioning
Perrone-McGovern, K., Simon-Dack, S., & Niccolai, L. (2015) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2014.987201 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Reed, P. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00842 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kuhn, J., Hickey, E., Lindly, O., Stransky, M., Masaro, M., Patts, G. J., Cabral, H., Crossman, M., Augustyn, M., Feinberg, E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151231155406 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Multiple studies have validated the ABAS-II for capturing adaptive functioning impairments with good test–retest reliability and convergent validity (Farmer et al., 2018; Harrison & Oakland, 2003; Kenworthy et al., 2010; Milne et al., 2013).”
- Authors
- Kenworthy, L., Case, L., Harms, M. B., Martin, A., & Wallace, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Children's National (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kenworthy, Lauren
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 416-423
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC3316121
- OpenAlex
- W2121312951
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- high-functioning autism, adaptive behavior, social skills, adaptive communication, IQ, autism symptomatology, caregiver ratings, typically developing individuals
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
