Communication and Social Deficits in Relatives of Individuals with SLI and Relatives of Individuals with ASD
Open accessAbstract
We investigate two aspects of the autism triad, communication and social difficulties, in relatives of specific language impairment (SLI) probands (with and without additional autistic symptomatology) as compared to relatives of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down’s syndrome (DS) probands. Findings involving 726 first degree relatives of 85 SLI, 99 ASD and 36 DS probands revealed a higher rate of communication difficulties in relatives of both subgroups of SLI probands compared to ASD and DS relatives. Similar levels of social deficits were found in relatives of SLI + ASD and ASD probands. There was a higher than would be expected rate (4.3 %) of ASD, particularly in siblings of SLI + ASD probands. Communication and social deficits appear to breed true in SLI and ASD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cognitive profiles based on the relative discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal skills in ASD have been identified.
“cognitive profiles based on the relative discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal skills in ASD have been identified [50,51].”
From DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes (2013) · cites this paper as [50]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports a proposed subgroup of people with ASD who have structural language difficulties similar to those in SLI. That supports the existence of a language-related subgroup, but our copy does not identify cognitive profiles based on a discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal skills; the Methods measure language and performance IQ in SLI probands, not such a discrepancy in ASD. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Autism screening questionnaire: diagnostic validity
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A. (1999) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 · Cited by 1,464 · see citing works
Self-citationCombining Information From Multiple Sources in the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders
RISI, S., LORD, C., GOTHAM, K., CORSELLO, C., CHRYSLER, C., SZATMARI, P., COOK, E. H., LEVENTHAL, B. L., & PICKLES, A. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Self-citationCHANDLER, S., CHARMAN, T., BAIRD, G., SIMONOFF, E., LOUCAS, T., MELDRUM, D., SCOTT, M., & PICKLES, A. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31812f7d8d · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Self-citationA Replication of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Revised Algorithms
GOTHAM, K., RISI, S., DAWSON, G., TAGER-FLUSBERG, H., JOSEPH, R., CARTER, A., HEPBURN, S., McMAHON, W., RODIER, P., HYMAN, S. L., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31816bffb7 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-citationClassification of Children With Specific Language Impairment: Longitudinal Considerations
Conti-Ramsden, G., & Botting, N. (1999) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jslhr.4205.1195 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationDefining language phenotypes in autism
Tager-Flusberg, H. (2006) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2006.06.007 · Cited by 281 · cited 6× · see citing works
“The debate regarding the shared or distinct etiology and heritability of impairments in SLI and ASD has also been fuelled by findings of subgroups of individuals with autism and language impairment (ALI; Tager-Flusberg 2006) and subgroups of individuals with SLI and autistic symptomatology (SLI ?”
BackgroundInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 38
- Baird G Simonoff E Pickles A Chandler S Loucas T Meldrum D Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) The Lancet 2006 368 210 215 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 16844490 · DOI · Paper page
- Barry JG Yasin I Bishop DVM Heritable risk factors associated with language impairments Genes, Brain and Behavior 2007 6 66 76 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00232.x PMC1974814 17233642 · DOI
- Bishop DVM Edmundson A Specific language impairment as a maturational lag: Evidence from longitudinal data on language and motor development Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1987 29 442 459 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1987.tb02504.x 2445609 · DOI
- Bishop DVM Maybery M Maley A Wong D Hill W Hallmayer J Using self-report to identify the broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders: A study using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2004 45 1431 1436 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00325.x 15482503 · DOI
- Bishop DVM North T Donlan C Nonword repetition as a behavioural marker for inherited language impairment: Evidence from a twin study Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1996 37 391 403 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01420.x 8735439 · DOI
- Bishop DVM Whitehouse AJO Watt HJ Line EA Autism and diagnostic substitution: Evidence from a study of adults with a history of developmental language disorders Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2008 50 341 345 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02057.x 18384386 · DOI · Paper page
- Bloom L The transition from infancy to language: Acquiring the power of expression 1993 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
- Bolton P Macdonald H Pickles A Rios P Goode S Crowson M A case–control family history study of autism Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1994 35 877 900 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x 7962246 · DOI · Paper page
- Conti-Ramsden G Botting N Characteristics of children attending language units in England: A national study of 7-year-olds International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 1999 34 359 366 10.1080/136828299247333 10884906 · DOI
- Conti-Ramsden G Crutchley A Botting N The extent to which psychometric tests differentiate subgroups of children with SLI Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 1997 40 765 777 9263942
- Conti-Ramsden G Simkin Z Botting N The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2006 47 621 628 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01584.x 16712639 · DOI
- Falcaro M Pickles A Newbury DF Addis L Banfield E Fisher SE Genetic and phenotypic effects of phonological short-term memory and grammatical morphology in specific language impairment Genes, Brain and Behavior 2008 7 393 402 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00364.x 18005161 · DOI
- Fombonne E Bolton P Prior J Jordan H Rutter M A family study of autism: Cognitive patterns and levels in parents and siblings Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1997 38 667 683 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01694.x 9315977 · DOI
- Gath A Gumley D Behaviour problems in retarded children with special reference to Down’s syndrome The British Journal of Psychiatry 1986 149 156 161 10.1192/bjp.149.2.156 2946349 · DOI
- Howlin P Mawhood L Rutter M Autism and developmental receptive language disorder—A follow-up comparison in early adult life. II: Social, behavioural and psychiatric outcomes Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2000 41 561 578 10.1111/1469-7610.00643 10946749 · DOI
- Kjelgaard MM Tager-Flusberg H An investigation of language impairment in autism: Implication for genetic subgroups Language and Cognitive Processes 2001 16 287 308 10.1080/01690960042000058 16703115 PMC1460015 · DOI
- Lahey M Edwards J Specific language impairment: Preliminary investigation of factors associated with family history and with patterns of language performance Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1995 38 643 657 7674657
- Leonard LB Children with specific language impairment 1998 Cambridge, MA MIT Press
- Leyfer O Tager-Flusberg H Dowd M Tomblin JB Folstein SE Overlap between autism and specific language impairment: Comparison of autism diagnostic interview and autism diagnostic observation schedule scores Autism Research 2008 1 284 296 10.1002/aur.43 19360680 · DOI
- Lindgren KA Folstein SE Tomblin JB Tager-Flusberg H Language and reading abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first-degree relatives Autism Research 2009 2 22 38 10.1002/aur.63 19358305 PMC2806306 · DOI
- Lord C Risi S Lambrecht L Cook J Edwin H Leventhal BL DiLavore PC The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communicative deficits associated with the spectrum of autism Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2000 30 205 223 10.1023/A:1005592401947 11055457 · DOI · Paper page
- Lord C Rutter M Le Couteur A Autistic diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1994 24 659 685 10.1007/BF02172145 7814313 · DOI · Paper page
- Murphy M Bolton P Pickles A Fombonne E Piven J Rutter M Personality traits of the relatives of autistic probands Psychological Medicine 2000 30 1411 1424 10.1017/S0033291799002949 11097081 · DOI
- Pickles A Starr E Kazak S Bolton P Papanikolaou K Bailey A Variable expression of the autism broader phenotype: Findings from extended pedigrees Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2000 41 491 502 10.1111/1469-7610.00634 10836679 · DOI
- Piven J Palmer P Jacobi D Childress D Arndt S Broader autism phenotype: Evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families American Journal of Psychiatry 1997 154 185 190 9016266
- Ptok U Seeher C Jessen F Papassotiropoulos A Heun R Inter-rater reliability of family history information on psychiatric disorders in relatives European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2001 251 279 283 10.1007/PL00007546 11881842 · DOI
- Rice ML Bishop DVM Leonard LB Grammatical symptoms of specific language impairment Speech and language impairments in children: Causes, characteristics, intervention and outcomes 2000 Hove, UK Psychology Press 17 34
- Rice ML Haney KR Wexler K Family histories of children with SLI who show extended optional infinitives Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 1998 41 419 432 9570593
- Ruser TF Arin D Dowd M Putnam S Winklosky B Rosen-Sheidley B Communication competence in parents of children with autism and parents of children with specific language impairment Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2007 37 1323 1336 10.1007/s10803-006-0274-z 17180460 · DOI
- Spitz RV Tallal P Flax J Benasich AA Look who’s talking: A prospective study of familial transmission of language impairments Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 1997 40 990 1001 9328871
- St. Clair M Durkin K Conti-Ramsden G Pickles A Growth of reading skills in children with a history of specific language impairment (SLI): The role of autistic symptomatology and language related abilities British Journal of Developmental Psychology 2010 28 109 131 10.1348/026151009X480158 20306628 · DOI
- Tager-Flusberg H Joseph RM Identifying neurocognitive phenotypes in autism Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 2003 358 303 314 10.1098/rstb.2002.1198 PMC1201482 12639328 · DOI · Paper page
- Tager-Flusberg H Paul R Lord C Volkmar F Paul R Klin A Cohen D Language and communication in autism Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders 2005 3 Hoboken, NJ Wiley 335 364
- Tomblin JB Familial concentration of developmental language impairment Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 1989 54 287 295 2468827
- Tomblin JB Hafeman LL O’Brien M Autism and autistic risk in siblings of children with specific language impairment International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 2003 38 235 250 10.1080/1368282031000086363 12851077 · DOI
- Whitehouse AJO Barry JG Bishop DVM The broader language phenotype of autism: A comparison with specific language impairment Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2007 48 822 830 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01765.x 17683454 PMC2835861 · DOI
- Whitehouse AJO Barry JG Bishop DVM Further defining the language impairment of autism: Is there a specific language impairment subtype? Journal of Communication Disorders 2008 41 319 336 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.01.002 18295779 · DOI
- Williams D Botting N Boucher J Language in autism and specific language impairment: Where are the links? Psychological Bulletin 2008 134 944 963 10.1037/a0013743 18954162 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes
Grzadzinski, R., Huerta, M., & Lord, C. (2013) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-4-12 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
“A more recent study found that siblings of individuals with SLI and ASD traits were more likely than the general population to have a diagnosis of ASD, providing further evidence for possible combined genetic loadings of ASD and SLI [58].”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Pickles, A., St Clair, M. C., & Conti-Ramsden, G.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Pickles, Andrew
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2012-06-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-167
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC3676640
- OpenAlex
- W2124841358
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (060774)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/E018866/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, first-degree relatives, communication difficulties, social dysfunction, familial aggregation, siblings
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Communication, Down Syndrome, Family, Female, Humans, Language Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Social Behavior, Siblings, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
