Impact of a brief intervention on self-regulation, self-efficacy and physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Despite evidence of the benefits of physical activity, most individuals with type 2 diabetes do not meet physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a brief intervention targeting self-efficacy and self-regulation to increase physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Older adults (Mage = 61.8 ± 6.4) with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome were randomized into a titrated physical activity intervention (n = 58) or an online health education course (n = 58). The intervention included walking exercise and theory-based group workshops. Self-efficacy, self-regulation and physical activity were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and a follow-up. Results indicated a group by time effect for self-regulation [F(2,88) = 14.021, p < .001, η (2) = .24] and self-efficacy [F(12,77) = 2.322, p < .05, η (2) = .266] with increases in the intervention group. The intervention resulted in short-term increases in physical activity (d = .76, p < .01), which were partially maintained at the 6-month follow-up (d = .35, p < .01). The intervention increased short-term physical activity but was not successful at maintaining increases in physical activity. Similar intervention effects were observed in self-efficacy and self-regulation. Future research warrants adjusting intervention strategies to increase long-term change.
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Individual self-regulatory behaviors are important for mental health functioning through their overlapping influences on self-efficacy.
“Individual self-regulatory behaviors are also important for mental health functioning through their overlapping influences on self-efficacy (73).”
From The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
Greater engagement in PA increases exercise self-efficacy.
“Greater engagement in PA has been shown to increase exercise self-efficacy (73), associated with improved body image and physical quality of life, and increases the likelihood of sustained PA maintenance over time (94).”
From The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
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The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review
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- Authors
- Olson, E. A., & McAuley, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olson, Erin A.
- ORCID
- McAuley, Edward
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Published
- 2015-07-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 886-898
- ISSN
- 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3521
- PMC
- PMC4628895
- OpenAlex
- W998360002
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (5F31AG042232, 5T32AG023480-10, R01 AG0200118)
- Shahid Khan and Ann Carlson Khan Endowed Professorship
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, older adults, physical activity, brief intervention, self-efficacy, self-regulation, online health education, walking exercise, metabolic syndrome, physical activity maintenance, group workshops
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Psychotherapy, Group, Self Efficacy
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