Physical activity in U.S. adults with diabetes and at risk for developing diabetes, 2003

Morrato, Elaine H.; Hill, James O.; Wyatt, Holly R.; Ghushchyan, Vahram; Sullivan, Patrick W.

doi:10.2337/dc06-1128

Cited by 482Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

Physical activity in U.S. adults with diabetes and at risk for developing diabetes, 2003

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Morrato, Elaine H., Hill, James O., Wyatt, Holly R., Ghushchyan, Vahram, Sullivan, Patrick W.·2007·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc06-1128

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Given the risk of obesity and diabetes in the U.S., and clear benefit of exercise in disease prevention and management, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of physical activity among adults with and at risk for diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey is a nationally representative survey of the U.S. population. In the 2003 survey, 23,283 adults responded when asked about whether they were physically active (moderate or vigorous activity, ≥30 min, three times per week). Information on sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions were self-reported. Additional type 2 diabetes risk factors examined were age ≥45 years, non-Caucasian ethnicity, BMI ≥25 kg/m2, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS—A total of 39% of adults with diabetes were physically active versus 58% of adults without diabetes. The proportion of active adults without diabetes declined as the number of risk factors increased until dropping to similar rates as people with diabetes. After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors, the strongest correlates of being physically active were income level, limitations in physical function, depression, and severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2). Several traditional predictors of activity (sex, education level, and having received past advice from a health professional to exercise more) were not evident among respondents with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—The majority of patients with diabetes or at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes do not engage in regular physical activity, with a rate significantly below national norms. There is a great need for efforts to target interventions to increase physical activity in these individuals.

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Adults with metabolic syndromes are more likely to spend their time in light-intensity physical activity or sedentary behavior compared to the general population.
“Adults with metabolic syndromes are more likely to spend their time in LPA or sedentary behavior (SB) compared to the general population.17”
From Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results (Data analysis, p. 4) report less moderate-to-vigorous activity among adults with diabetes and among those with more type 2 diabetes risk factors. That supports a related activity difference, but not the claim about adults with metabolic syndromes spending more time in light activity or sedentary behavior: the paper measured neither light-activity time nor, as it explicitly notes (Physical activity in adults, p. 6), the extent of sedentary behavior. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
People with T2D tend to exhibit lower levels of physical activity compared with people who do not have diabetes.
“However, people with T2D tend to exhibit lower levels of PA compared with people who do not have diabetes.6 7”
From Mobile Health Biometrics to Enhance Exercise and Physical Activity Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes (MOTIVATE-T2D): a decentralised feasibility randomised controlled trial delivered across the UK and Canada (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Results (p. 4) report that 39% of adults with diabetes were physically active, compared with 58% of adults without diabetes. However, the ascertainment section (p. 3) says the study did not distinguish type 2 from type 1 diabetes, so the comparison was not measured specifically for people with T2D. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Most people with type 2 diabetes are not active.
“most people with type 2 diabetes are not active ( 193 )”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [193]
Just 39% of adults with diabetes are physically active compared with 58% of other American adults.
“Just 39% of adults with diabetes are physically active compared with 58% of other American adults”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [193]
Most American adults with type 2 diabetes or at highest risk for developing it do not engage in regular PA; their rate of participation is significantly below national norms.
“Most American adults with type 2 diabetes or at highest risk for developing it do not engage in regular PA; their rate of participation is significantly below national norms ( 193 ).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [193]

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Authors: Morrato, E. H., Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Ghushchyan, V., & Sullivan, P. W.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Denver (US)
Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
ORCID: Morrato, Elaine H.
Hill, James O.
Wyatt, Holly R.
Sullivan, Patrick W.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2007-02-01
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Pages: 203-209
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1128
OpenAlex: W2019827653
Cited by: 482
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 16.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: physical activity, type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk factors, obesity, depression, physical function limitations, income, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sociodemographic predictors, exercise recommendations
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, United States, Exercise, Body Mass Index

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Physical activity in U.S. adults with diabetes and at risk for developing diabetes, 2003

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