Physical Activity of Moderate Intensity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
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OBJECTIVE—To systematically evaluate the evidence for an association between physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We searched EMBASE and Medline through March 2006 and examined reference lists of retrieved articles. We excluded studies that did not assess physical activity of moderate intensity independent of activities of vigorous intensity (more than six times the resting metabolic rate). Information on study design, participant characteristics, assessment of physical activity, and outcomes and estimates of associations were extracted independently by two investigators. We calculated summary relative risks (RRs) using a random-effects model for the highest versus the lowest reported duration of activities. RESULTS—We identified 10 prospective cohort studies of physical activity of moderate intensity and type 2 diabetes, including a total of 301,221 participants and 9,367 incident cases. Five of these studies specifically investigated the role of walking. The summary RR of type 2 diabetes was 0.69 (95% CI 0.58–0.83) for regular participation in physical activity of moderate intensity as compared with being sedentary. Similarly, the RR was 0.70 (0.58–0.84) for regular walking (typically ≥2.5 h/week brisk walking) as compared with almost no walking. The associations remained significant after adjustment for BMI. Similar associations were observed in men and women and in the U.S. and Europe. CONCLUSIONS—These findings indicate that adherence to recommendations to participate in physical activities of moderate intensity such as brisk walking can substantially reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Regular exercise can lower glycemia, improve cardiovascular risk factors, and prevent or delay progression to diabetes in people with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome, whether as an exercise program or part of a comprehensive lifestyle plan.
“There is a plethora of evidence in persons with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome that regular exercise can lower glycemia, improve CVD risk factors, and prevent or delay progression to DM, either in the form of an exercise program per se or as part of a comprehensive lifestyle plan.841–851”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [841]
The Findings from intervention studies section (page unavailable) reports lower glucose after walking in people without diabetes and reduced diabetes incidence in a trial involving people with impaired glucose tolerance. The paper also says physical activity, alone or with dietary changes, can reduce diabetes incidence. It does not establish improvement in cardiovascular risk factors or the full claim specifically for people with metabolic syndrome. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA meta-analysis of 10 cohort studies that assessed the preventive effects of moderate-intensity PA found that risk reduction for type 2 diabetes was 0.70 (0.58-0.84) for walking on a regular basis (typically briskly for ≥2.5 h/week).
“A meta-analysis of 10 cohort studies ( 125 ) that assessed the preventive effects of moderate-intensity PA found that risk reduction for type 2 diabetes was 0.70 (0.58–0.84) for walking on a regular basis (typically briskly for ≥2.5 h/week).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [125]
Regular physical activity by itself or as part of a comprehensive lifestyle plan can prevent progression to type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.
“Regular physical activity by itself (155,156) or as part of a comprehensive lifestyle plan (26,74,83,151) can prevent progression to type 2 diabetes in highrisk individuals.”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [155]
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- Authors
- Jeon, C. Y., Lokken, R. P., Hu, F. B., & van Dam, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2007-03-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 744-752
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2138714173
- Cited by
- 758
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- moderate physical activity, type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk, brisk walking, sedentary behavior, physical activity guidelines, body mass index, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Physical Fitness, Risk, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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