Neuropsychological test administration by videoconference: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
The purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of videoconference administration on adult neurocognitive tests. We investigated whether the scores acquired during a videoconference administration were different from those acquired during on-site administration. Relevant counterbalanced crossover studies were identified according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twelve studies met criteria for analysis. Included samples consisted of healthy adults as well as those with psychiatric or neurocognitive disorders, with mean ages ranging from 34 to 88 years. Heterogenous data precluded the interpretation of a summary effect for videoconference administration. Studies including particpants with a mean age of 65-75, as well as studies that utilized a high speed network connection, indicated consistent performance across videoconference and on-site conditions, however studies with older participants and slower connections were more variable. Subgroup analyses indicated that videoconference scores for untimed tasks and those allowing for repetition fell 1/10th of a standard deviation below on-site scores. Test specific analyses indicated that verbally-mediated tasks including digit span, verbal fluency, and list learning were not affected by videoconference administration. Scores for the Boston Naming Test fell 1/10th of a standard deviation below on-site scores. Heterogenous data precluded meaningful interpretation of tasks with a motor component. The administration of verbally-mediated tasks by qualified professionals using existing norms was supported, and the use of visually-dependent tasks may also be considered. Variability in previous studies indicates a need for further investigation of motor-dependent tasks. We recommend the development of clinical best practices for conducting neuropsychological assessments via videoconference, and advocate for reimbursement structures that allow consumers to benefit from the increased access, convenience, and cost-savings that remote assessment provides.
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Guidelines are available to allow for remote administration of Digit Span, and modality of administration has been shown not to affect performance.
“Guidelines are available to allow for remote administration of this measure, and modality of administration has been shown not to affect performance [47].”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Since data are still preliminary, there is no consensus on the best practices for conducting neuropsychological assessment by telemedicine.
“However, since data are still preliminary, there is no consensus on the best practices for conducting neuropsychological assessment by telemedicine (362).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [362]
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Farmer, R. L., McGill, R. J., Dombrowski, S. C., McClain, M. B., Harris, B., Lockwood, A. B., Powell, S. L., Pynn, C., Smith-Kellen, S., Loethen, E., et al. (2020) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000349 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Telemedicine for management of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through COVID-19 tail
Bombaci, A., Abbadessa, G., Trojsi, F., Leocani, L., Bonavita, S., Lavorgna, L., on behalf of the Digital Technologies, W. A. S. M. S. G. O. T. I. S. O. N., Tedeschi, G., Mancardi, G., Padovani, A., et al. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04783-x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“A review highlighted the usefulness of some neuropsychological test administered by videoconference in new diagnosis and in follow-up [18].”
BackgroundCysique, L. A., Łojek, E., Cheung, T. C. K., Cullen, B., Egbert, A. R., Evans, J. J., Garolera, M., Gawron, N., Gouse, H., Hansen, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000862 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“A meta-analysis of teleneuropsychology administration compared with in-person (Brearly et al., 2017) found that the difference between videoconference and in-person performance was very small (Hedges g=−0.03), and not statistically or clinically significant.”
BackgroundInfluentialTelemental health for clinical assessment and treatment
Sugarman, D. E., & Busch, A. B. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-072398 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Conducting Psychoeducational Assessments During the COVID-19 Crisis: the Danger of Good Intentions
Farmer, R. L., McGill, R. J., Dombrowski, S. C., Benson, N. F., Smith-Kellen, S., Lockwood, A. B., Powell, S. L., Pynn, C., & Stinnett, T. A. (2020) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-020-00293-x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Iiboshi, K., Yoshida, K., Yamaoka, Y., Eguchi, Y., Sato, D., Kishimoto, M., Funaki, K., Mimura, M., & Kishimoto, T. (2019) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0134 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pediatric neuropsychological evaluation via telehealth: Novel models of care
Pritchard, A. E., Sweeney, K. L., Salorio, C. F., & Jacobson, L. A. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1806359 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Naturally, pre-established models of tele-neuropsychology set the foundation for this model of care (Brearly et al., 2017; Cullum et al., 2014; Grosch et al., 2011).”
MethodWilliams, L. M., Coman, J. T., Stetz, P. C., Walker, N. C., Kozel, F. A., George, M. S., Yoon, J. H., Hack, L. M., Madore, M. R., Lim, K. O., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-03030-z · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nick, J. M., Roberts, L. R., & Petersen, A. B. (2021) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-20-00329 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Parsons, M. W., Gardner, M. M., Sherman, J. C., Pasquariello, K., Grieco, J. A., Kay, C. D., Pollak, L. E., Morgan, A. K., Carlson-Emerton, B., Seligsohn, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000436 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Although the early studies of reliability and validity using assisted-TNP are promising (Brearly et al., 2017; Cullum et al., 2014; Marra, Hamlet, Bauer, & Bowers, 2020; Sutherland et al., 2019; Wadsworth et al., 2016), the lack of control over the testing environment in DTH-TNP raises concerns for…”
BackgroundInfluentialStudy partners: essential collaborators in discovering treatments for Alzheimer’s disease
Largent, E. A., Karlawish, J. H., & Grill, J. D. (2018) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0425-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Teleneuropsychology in the time of COVID-19: The experience of The Australian Epilepsy Project
Tailby, C., Collins, A., Vaughan, D. N., Abbott, D. F., O’Shea, M. F., Helmstaedter, C., & Jackson, G. D. (2020) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Indeed, the majority of evidence for telehealth administration comes from studies where examinees are tested via technology at a local research facility [47].”
InfluentialRabinovitz, B., Jaywant, A., & Fridman, C. B. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1803408 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis found that performance on neuropsychological assessments—such as digit span, verbal fluency, list learning and memory, and confrontation naming—was equivalent when comparing in-person to telehealth administration (Brearly et al., 2017).”
BackgroundHunter, M. B., Jenkins, N. D., Dolan, C., Pullen, H., Ritchie, C. W., & Terrera, G. M. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210088 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Brearly et al. [2] noted a marginal bias for in-person administration, and the reasons for this are unknown.”
InfluentialIn-Home Video Telehealth for Dementia Management: Implications for Rehabilitation
Gately, M., Trudeau, S. A., & Moo, L. (2019) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-019-00297-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Tele-Neuropsychological Assessment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Carotenuto, A., Traini, E., Fasanaro, A. M., Battineni, G., & Amenta, F. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11080688 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“technical, legal, and clinical intricacies of videoconference assessment before engaging in remote assessment [45].”
BackgroundChapman, J. E., Ponsford, J. L., Bagot, K. L., Cadilhac, D. A.-M., Gardner, B. K., & Stolwyk, R. J. (2020) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12471 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“For example, Brearly et al. (2017) demonstrated meta-analytic evidence of the equivalence of videoconference and face- to-face administrations of traditional neuropsychological tasks.”
BackgroundGosse, P. J., Kassardjian, C. D., Masellis, M., & Mitchell, S. B. (2021) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.201938 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“24 A recent systematic review noted that cognitive impairment and the use of nontraditional assessment methods, including the use of the home environment and a lack of supervision, posed potential challenges to the validity of remote cognitive assessments.”
Pediatric Teleneuropsychology: Feasibility and Recommendations
Ransom, D. M. E., Butt, S. M., DiVirgilio, E. K., Cederberg, C. D., Srnka, K., Hess, C. T., Sy, M. C., & Katzenstein, J. M. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa103 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Rawlings, G. H., Gaskell, C. J., Rolling, K., & Beail, N. (2021) · Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1108/amhid-06-2020-0014 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ethical, Legal, and Safety Considerations Moving Forward
Stifel, S. W. F., Feinberg, D. K., Zhang, Y., Chan, M. M., & Wagle, R. (2020) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2020.1844549 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…administration of verbally mediated tests showed consistent scores (e.g., Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Memory Scale) but more variabilities were observed on visually mediated and motor-dependent tests that require examinees to interact with physical objects (Brearly et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialTeleneuropsychology clinic development and patient satisfaction
Appleman, E. R., O’Connor, M. K., Boucher, S., Rostami, R., Sullivan, S. K., Migliorini, R., & Kraft, M. L. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1871515 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Initial work in this area has demonstrated some consistent performances when comparing in-person and video-administered evaluations (Brearly et al., 2017; Cullum et al., 2014; Jacobsen et al., 2003; Turner et al., 2012; Wadsworth et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultPatient Satisfaction with Telephone Neuropsychological Assessment
Lacritz, L. H., Carlew, A. R., Livingstone, J. R., Bailey, K. C., Parker, A., & Diaz, A. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa097 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Chapman, J. E., Gardner, B. K., Ponsford, J. L., Cadilhac, D. A.-M., & Stolwyk, R. J. (2020) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617720001174 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Results from this body of research are broadly promising (for a review, see Brearly et al., 2017; Marra, Hamlet, Bauer, & Bowers, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialZanin, E., Aiello, E. N., Diana, L., Fusi, G., Bonato, M., Niang, A., Ognibene, F., Corvaglia, A., Caro, C. D., Cintoli, S., et al. (2021) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05719-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Moreover, a discrete number of domain-specific tests are validated for web or videoconference administration for the English language [1, 11].”
BackgroundResultNkodo, J.-A., Gana, W., Debacq, C., Aidoud, A., Poupin, P., Camus, V., & Fougère, B. (2022) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2022.01.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Nielsen, T. R., Franzen, S., Watermeyer, T., Jiang, J., Calia, C., Kjærgaard, D., Bothe, S., & Mukadam, N. (2024) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2024.2335113 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…teleneuropsychology may help ensure access to bilingual neuropsychologists providing remote assessments in the future (Sala et al., 2021), several technical, ethical, legal, assessment, and training issues need to be resolved before wider implementation of these technologies (Brearly et al., 2017).”
Krach, S. K., Paskiewicz, T. L., & Monk, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282920962839 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The fi eld of tele-assessment is relatively new (Brearly et al., 2017), but it does pre-date COVID-19.”
BackgroundMethodTele-Neuropsychology: From Science to Policy to Practice
Sperling, S. A., Acheson, S. K., Fox‐Fuller, J. T., Colvin, M. K., Harder, L., Cullum, C. M., Randolph, J. J., Carter, K. R., Espe‐Pfeifer, P., Lacritz, L. H., et al. (2023) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acad066 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Caze, T. J., Dorsman, K. A., Carlew, A. R., Diaz, A., & Bailey, K. C. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa098 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Examining Older Adult Cognitive Status in the Time of COVID ‐19
Hantke, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16514 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hamner, T., Salorio, C. F., Kalb, L. G., & Jacobson, L. A. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721001053 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Overall, the literature suggests no effect of testing for remote versus in-person administration for neuropsychological testing (for metanalysis, see Brearly et al., 2017), though this was limited by few available studies, selection bias related to participant age, and mixed designs.”
BackgroundMethodChappelle, S. D., Gigliotti, C. M., Léger, G. C., Peavy, G. M., Jacobs, D. M., Banks, S. J., Little, E. A., Galasko, D. R., & Salmon, D. P. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13039 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Teleneuropsychology practice survey during COVID-19 within the United States
Rochette, A. D., Rahman‐Filipiak, A., Spencer, R. J., Marshall, D., & Stelmokas, J. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2021.1872576 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“, 2020), and teleNP is associated with patient and provider satisfaction (Parikh et al., 2013; Hilty et al., 2013; Brearly et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialFox‐Fuller, J. T., Ngo, J., Pluim, C. F., Kaplan, R. I., Kim, D.-H., Anzai, J. A. U., Yucebas, D., Briggs, S. M., Aduen, P. A., Cronin‐Golomb, A., et al. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1954244 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Research on the remote administration of cognitive tests was of great interest to neuropsychologists even prior to the rapid adoption of teleneuropsychology (tele-NP) during the COVID-19 pandemic (Brearly et al., 2017; Miller & Barr, 2017).”
BackgroundA Teleneuropsychology Protocol for the Cognitive Assessment of Older Adults During COVID-19
Kitaigorodsky, M., Loewenstein, D., Curiel, R. E., Crocco, E., Gorman, K., & González-Jiménez, C. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651136 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pugliese, R., Sala, R., Regondi, S., Beltrami, B., & Lunetta, C. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-10971-w · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sumpter, R. E., Camsey, E., Meldrum, S., Alford, M., Campbell, I. C., Bois, C., O’Connell, S., & Flood, J. (2022) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2022.2056922 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Authors have also highlighted the limited evidence in direct-to-home assessments (Brearly et al., 2017, Marra et al., 2020) whereby assessment is completed via a remote connection direct to the patient’s home, as has been necessary practice during the time of the pandemic lockdowns.”
BackgroundAtri, A., Dickerson, B. C., Clevenger, C. K., Karlawish, J. H., Knopman, D. S., Lin, P., Norman, M., Onyike, C. U., Sano, M., Scanland, S., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14335 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Arias, F., Safi, D., Miranda, M., Carrión, C. I., Santos, A. L. D., Armendariz, V., Jose, I. E., Vuong, K. D., Suárez, P., & Strutt, A. M. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa100 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“In nonHispanic white persons, video TeleNP has been shown to effectively evaluate global cognitive functioning and detect cognitive impairment (Brearly et al., 2017; Harrell, Wilkins, Connor, & Chodosh, 2014; Loh, Donaldson, Flicker, Maher, & Goldswain, 2007; Wadsworth et al., 2018).”
BackgroundScott, T. M., Marton, K. M., & Madore, M. R. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1889678 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Telehealth in general, and TeleNP specifically, have been shown to be cost-effective, acceptable to patients with a variety of conditions, and preferred by patients in rural locations (Brearly et al., 2017; Jennett et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialComparison of Neuropsychological Assessment by Videoconference and Face to Face
Gnassounou, R., Defontaines, B., Denolle, S., Brun, S. D. L., Germain, R., Schwartz, D., Schück, S., Michon, A., Belin, C., & Maillet, D. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000679 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The meta-analysis of Brearly et al. (2017) did not include studies involving an assistant because of considerable heterogeneity in the results of “motor-dependent” tasks between the two administration methods.”
BackgroundPatten, R. V. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2021.2021645 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Teleneuropsychology has been and is currently used clinically, with a surge of interest in the technique following the initial COVID-19 outbreak (Bilder et al., 2020; Brearly et al., 2017; Hammers et al., 2020; Marra et al., 2020; Pritchard et al., 2020; Sweet et al., 2021).”
MethodBenge, J. F., & Kiselica, A. M. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1801848 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“While preliminary research suggests that neuropsychological assessments delivered via telehealth can yield similar results to those obtained at in-person visits (Brearly et al., 2017), most settings and practitioners were not providing telehealth neuropsychology previously.”
ResultFrom Face-to-Face to Home-to-Home: Validity of a Teleneuropsychological Battery
Alegret, M., Espinosa, A., Ortega, G., Pérez‐Cordón, A., Sanabria, Á., Hernández, I., Marquié, M., Rosende‐Roca, M., Mauleón, A., Ruiz, C. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201389 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Forensic mental telehealth assessment (FMTA) in the context of COVID-19
Drogin, E. Y. (2020) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101595 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Such concerns continue to be addressed to the present day, with regard to an array of specialized applications that include neuropsychological assessment (Brearly et al., 2017; Galusha-Glasscock, Horton, Weiner, & Cullum, 2016; Harrell, Wilkins, Connor, & Chodosh, 2014; Wadsworth et al., 2018), dementia evaluations (C…”
Udeh‐Momoh, C. T., de Jager-Loots, C. A., Price, G. J., & Middleton, L. T. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12055 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Frye, W. S., Gardner, L. M., Campbell, J. M., & Katzenstein, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Child Health Care · doi:10.1177/13674935211007329 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Research examining reliability and validity for providing neuropsychological evaluations via telehealth has demonstratedmixed results (Brearly et al., 2017), although previous studies have primarily focused on adults, underscoring questions regarding the suitability of this service when working with youth.”
BackgroundHewitt, K. C., Block, C. K., Bellone, J. A., Dawson, E. L., Garcia, P., Gerstenecker, A. T., Grabyan, J. M., Howard, C., Kamath, V. J., LeMonda, B. C., et al. (2022) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2022.2027022 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“…on the literature for a general TeleNP framework where auditory-verbally administered tasks were found to be minimally affected (e.g., digit span, verbal fluency, and list learning; Brearly et al., 2017) and there was good support for test-level validity in older adults (Marra et al., 2020a).”
ResultFeasibility of administering the WAIS-IV using a home-based telehealth videoconferencing model
Mahon, S., Webb, J. W., Snell, D. L., & Theadom, A. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1985172 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…in the last ten years, there has been a growing body of research on the efficacy of teleneuropsychology (TNP) across clinical and research settings (Brearly et al., 2017). however, implementation of TNP into clinical practice was limited until the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, where the…”
BackgroundWu, R., & Yu, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2097779 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Most of the well-established online meeting platforms are compatible with any operating system, increasing access to resources (Brearly et al., 2017; Hensel et al., 2021).”
BackgroundTelehealth Trials to Address Health Equity in Stroke Survivors
Sharrief, A. Z., Guzik, A. K., Jones, E., Okpala, M. N., Love, M. F., Ranasinghe, T., & Bushnell, C. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.122.039566 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Yoshida, K., Yamaoka, Y., Eguchi, Y., Sato, D., Iiboshi, K., Kishimoto, M., Mimura, M., & Kishimoto, T. (2019) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x19845278 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“This finding is also consistent with that of a recent meta-analysis investigating the effect of VTC-administered neuropsychological testing.(10) In our sample, ICCs varied among diagnoses (MCI: 0.”
MethodResultInfluentialMatchanova, A., Babicz, M. A., Medina, L. D., Rahman, S., Johnson, B., Thompson, J. L., Beltran‐Najera, I., Brooks, J. R., Sullivan, K. L., Walker, R. L., et al. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa111 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Working Group Recommendations for the Practice of Teleneuropsychology in Latin America
Crivelli, L., Quiroz, Y. T., Calandri, I. L., Martín, M., Velilla, L. M., Cusicanqui, M., Yglesias, F. C., Rodríguez, J. J. L., Armele, M., Román, F., et al. (2021) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acab080 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…(BDAE), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog)) administered by qualified professionals using existing standards are recommended (Class B Recommendation) (Brearly et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAhmed, S. F., Skibbe, L. E., McRoy, K. Z., Tatar, B. H., & Scharphorn, L. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.03.002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kumar, S., Tran, J. L., Moseson, H., Tai, C. G.-L., Glenn, J. M., Madero, E. N., Krebs, C., Bott, N. T., & Juusola, J. L. (2018) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/12031 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cox, S. M., Butcher, J. L., Sadhwani, A., Sananes, R., Sanz, J. H., Blumenfeld, E., Cassidy, A. R., Cowin, J. C., Ilardi, D. L., Kasparian, N. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsac003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Research in adult teleneuropsychology demonstrates validity for remote administration of certain standardized measures such as digit span, list learning, and verbal fluency tasks as well as the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (Brearly et al., 2017; Galusha-Glasscock et al., 2016).”
Avanesova, A. A., & Shamliyan, T. (2019) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2019.04.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Telemedicine interventions show promise in improving patient utcomes and access to cost-effective healthcare in various popuations and settings [1-21] .”
BackgroundClinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era
Weinberg, M. S., Patrick, R. E., Schwab, N. A., Owoyemi, P., May, R., McManus, A. J., Gerber, J. A., Harper, D. G., Arnold, S. E., & Forester, B. P. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Loman, M. M., Vogt, E. M., Miller, L., Landsman, R. A., Duong, P. H., Kasten, J., DeFrancisco, D., Koop, J. I., & Heffelfinger, A. K. (2020) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2020.1830962 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Foote, W. E., Goodman‐Delahunty, J., & Young, G. C. (2020) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-020-09398-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Naito, A., Wills, A.-M. A., Tropea, T. F., Ramirez‐Zamora, A., Hauser, R. A., Martino, D., Turner, T. H., Rafferty, M. R., Afshari, M., Williams, K. L., et al. (2021) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-021-00177-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Remote Assessment: Origins, Benefits, and Concerns
Mulligan, C. A., & Ayoub, J. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11060114 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zeghari, R., Guerchouche, R., Tran, D.-M., Brémond, F., Lemoine, M. P., Bultingaire, V., Langel, K., Groote, Z. D., Kuhn, F., Martin, E., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18116108 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“These results are in line with previous research demonstrating the validity of remote neuropsychological assessments performed via VC [17].”
BackgroundResultMartínez‐Pernía, D., Olavarría, L., Fernández‐Manjón, B., Cabello, V., Henríquez, F., Robert, P. H., Alvarado, L., Barría, S., Antivilo-Bruna, A., Velásquez, J. D., et al. (2023) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2023.2174438 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Firstly, this assessment requires the physical presence of an expert evaluator (Brearly et al., 2017; Valladares-Rodr (cid:1) ı guez et al., 2016), restricting access to neuropsychological services depending on the country ’ s health system (Adjorlolo, 2016; Jacobsen et al., 2003).”
Assessing Cognition Outside of the Clinic
Hays, R., Henson, P., Wisniewski, H., Hendel, V., Vaidyam, A. N., & Torous, J. B. (2019) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2019.08.003 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
COVID ‐19 and Telehealth in older adult psychiatry‐opportunities for now and the future
Sorinmade, O. A., Kossoff, L., & Peisah, C. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5383 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and a Latin American Clinical Model for Teleneuropsychological Assessment
Serrano‐Juárez, C. A., Reyes-Méndez, C., Prieto‐Corona, B., Seubert-Ravelo, A. N., Moreno-Villagómez, J., Cabañas-Tinajero, J.-Á., Yáñez-Téllez, M. G., Quezada-Torres, R. A., Téllez-Rodríguez, M., Barrera-Rodríguez, B., et al. (2022) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acac077 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“There are also studies that describe the advantages and limitations of the approach (Sherwood & MacDonald, 2020; Stead & Vinson, 2019) and that evaluate its use with older adults (Brearly et al., 2017; Cullum, Hynan, Grosch, Parikh, & Weiner, 2014; Kirkwood, Peck, & Bennie, 2000; Stead & Vinson, 2019).”
BackgroundMessler, A. C., Hargrave, D. D., Trittschuh, E. H., & Sordahl, J. A. (2023) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2023.2192422 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Results of available validity studies have not identified significant concerns with the validity of any specific test when administered via teleNP (see reviews conducted by Brearly et al., 2017; Marra, Hamlet, et al., 2020).”
Influential
- Authors
- Brearly, T. W., Shura, R. D., Martindale, S. L., Lazowski, R. A., Luxton, D. D., Shenal, B. V., & Rowland, J. A.
- Affiliations
- W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center (US)
- College Board (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Salem VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brearly, Timothy W.
- Venue
- Neuropsychology Review
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 174-186
- ISSN
- 1040-7308 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6660
- OpenAlex
- W2625027748
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- remote neuropsychological assessment, telemedicine, Boston Naming Test, digit span, verbal fluency, list learning, internet speed, older adults, mental illness, neurocognitive disorders, reimbursement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Dementia, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Telemedicine, Videoconferencing, Cognitive Dysfunction
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