Videoconferencing psychotherapy: a systematic review

Backhaus, Autumn; Agha, Zia; Maglione, Melissa L.; Repp, Andrea; Ross, Bridgett; Zuest, Danielle; Rice-Thorp, Natalie M.; Lohr, James; Thorp, Steven R.

doi:10.1037/a0027924

Cited by 586Telemedicine and Telehealth ImplementationDigital Mental Health InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Videoconferencing psychotherapy: a systematic review

Backhaus, Autumn, Agha, Zia, Maglione, Melissa L., Repp, Andrea, Ross, Bridgett, Zuest, Danielle, Rice-Thorp, Natalie M., Lohr, James +1 more·2012·Psychological Services

DOI 10.1037/a0027924

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Abstract

Individuals with mental health problems may face barriers to accessing effective psychotherapies. Videoconferencing technology, which allows audio and video information to be shared concurrently across geographical distances, offers an alternative that may improve access. We conducted a systematic literature review of the use of videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP), designed to address 10 specific questions, including therapeutic types/formats that have been implemented, the populations with which VCP is being used, the number and types of publications related to VCP, and available satisfaction, feasibility, and outcome data related to VCP. After electronic searches and reviews of reference lists, 821 potential articles were identified, and 65 were selected for inclusion. The results indicate that VCP is feasible, has been used in a variety of therapeutic formats and with diverse populations, is generally associated with good user satisfaction, and is found to have similar clinical outcomes to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy. Although the number of articles being published on VCP has increased in recent years, there remains a need for additional large-scale clinical trials to further assess the efficacy and effectiveness of VCP.

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Access to psychotherapy is often hindered by stigmatization, physical distance, or long waiting times.
“Furthermore, access to psychotherapy is often hindered by e.g. stigmatization, physical distance, or long waiting times (Hong et al., 2021; World Health Organization, 2020; Backhaus et al., 2012; Simpson and Reid, 2014).”
From Virtual Reality exposure therapy in the treatment of public speaking anxiety and social anxiety disorder (2024) · cites this paper as Backhaus et al., 2012
Evidence has shown that online therapy can indeed make a good therapeutic alliance possible.
“Evidence has shown that online therapy can indeed make a good therapeutic alliance possible (Backhaus et al., 2012).”
From THE EFFICACY OF A COMPASSION, ACCEPTANCE AND MINDFULNESS-BASED PILOT INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS’ TEST ANXIETY: A CASE STUDY USING THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM (2023) · cites this paper as Backhaus et al., 2012
Reasonable user satisfaction and feasibility of online interventions have been found.
“Generally, reasonable user satisfaction and feasibility of interventions have been found [30], and studies show that therapeutic alliances can also be reached during videoconferencing, with clients rating bond and presence as equal to face-to-face settings [22].”
From Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
Some studies found at least similar outcomes of virtual therapy compared with face-to-face treatments.
“New media and online interventions have been developed and studied for years now [8], including in the context of children and adolescents with psychosomatic illnesses [28], with some studies even finding advantages of virtual therapy compared with face-to-face treatments [29] or at least similar outcomes [30].”
From Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
A recent systematic review found videoconferencing psychotherapy has been used in a variety of therapeutic formats, with diverse populations, and was generally associated with good user satisfaction, having similar clinical outcomes to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy.
“A recent systematic review found videoconferencing psychotherapy has been used in a variety of therapeutic formats, with diverse populations, and was generally associated with good user satisfaction, having similar clinical outcomes to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy [31].”
From Take A Breath: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of an online group intervention to reduce traumatic stress in parents of children with a life threatening illness or injury (2016) · cites this paper as [31]

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“This work also adds evidence to the stance that online sessions can guarantee the desirable high quality of the therapeutic alliance, indispensable to successful outcomes (Backhaus et al., 2012).”
Background
Features of Structured, One-to-One Videoconference Interventions That Actively Engage People in the Management of Their Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review
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Authors: Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M. L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D., Rice-Thorp, N. M., Lohr, J., & Thorp, S. R.
Affiliations: VA San Diego Healthcare System (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
Venue: Psychological Services
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2012-05
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: 111-131
ISSN: 1541-1559 (ISSN-L)
1939-148X
DOI: 10.1037/a0027924
OpenAlex: W2004680148
Cited by: 586
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13
FWCI: 19.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Services (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Department of Veterans Affairs
Veterans Health Administration (DH107-054-2)
Department of Defense (W81XWH-08-2-0076)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: external beam radiotherapy, access to mental health care, barriers to psychotherapy, feasibility, user satisfaction, clinical outcomes, remote psychotherapy
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Humans, Psychotherapy, Telecommunications, Telemedicine

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Videoconferencing psychotherapy: a systematic review

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