Effect of Alloy Composition and Exposure Conditions on the Selective Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–X Alloys
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Reaction in dry and wet CO2 gases resulted in both oxidation and carburization for the undoped Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy.
“Reaction in dry [7] and wet CO 2 gases resulted in both oxidation and carburization for the undoped Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy, as shown in Fig. 12 for the wet case.”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The citation [7] is attached to the dry-CO₂ part of the sentence. In “Effect of Atmosphere on Selective Oxidation” (page unavailable), the source reports an oxide scale and internal carbides after Fe-15Cr was exposed to pure CO₂, supporting oxidation and carburization in dry CO₂. It does not establish that result for the specified undoped Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe addition of a small amount of Si to Fe-20Cr-20Ni greatly reduced oxygen uptake in both dry and wet CO2 gases.
“The addition of a small amount of Si to Fe-20Cr-20Ni greatly reduced oxygen uptake in both dry [7] and wet (Fig. 7) CO 2 gases.”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The citation is attached to the dry-CO₂ result, not the wet-CO₂ result shown in the citing paper’s Fig. 7. In “Effects of Excess Oxygen on Selective Oxidation” (page unavailable), the source reports that small Si additions reduced mass gains for Fe-8Cr in water vapor. It does not establish that Si reduced oxygen uptake for Fe-20Cr-20Ni in dry CO₂, so the cited result is extended to a different alloy and atmosphere. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAddition of Si to Fe-20Cr and Fe-20Cr-20Ni resulted in the formation of an additional silicon oxide layer beneath the chromia layer during reaction in dry and wet CO2.
“Addition of Si to Fe-20Cr and Fe-20Cr-20Ni resulted in the formation of an additional silicon oxide layer beneath the chromia layer during reaction in dry [7] and wet CO 2 (Figs. 5, 11).”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
In “Effects of Excess Oxygen on Selective Oxidation” (page not available), the paper reports a silica sublayer beneath chromia for Fe–Cr alloys oxidized in steam. It does not establish that Si additions produced such a layer on Fe-20Cr or Fe-20Cr-20Ni in dry or wet CO₂; its Si-addition experiments used Fe-8Cr alloys exposed to water-vapor-containing gas. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe chromia scale formed in the early stages was replaced by a uniform iron oxide scale when reactions proceeded to longer times in both dry and wet gases.
“The chromia scale formed in the early stages was therefore replaced by a uniform iron oxide scale when reactions proceeded to longer times in both dry [7] and wet [10] gases.”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
In “Effect of Cr Content on Selective Oxidation in Water Vapor” (page unavailable), the paper reports continuous layered Fe-oxide scales on Fe-9Cr and Fe-10Cr after 250 hours in a water-vapor atmosphere. It does not establish that an early chromia scale on those alloys was later replaced by a uniform iron-oxide scale. The dry-gas portion of the citing sentence is assigned to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWeight uptakes of Si-containing Fe-20Cr alloys in dry and wet CO2 were markedly smaller than those of the undoped Fe-20Cr alloy.
“However, weight uptakes of the Si-containing alloys in dry CO 2 [7] and wet CO 2 gas (Fig. 1) were markedly smaller than those of the undoped Fe-20Cr alloy.”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The alloy-composition table (Selective Oxidation of Chromium from Ferritic Fe-Cr Alloys; page unavailable) lists Si-containing Fe-8Cr alloys, but no Si-containing Fe-20Cr alloy. The mass-gain comparison in Effects of Excess Oxygen on Selective Oxidation concerns those Fe-8Cr alloys in water vapor, not dry CO2. The cited paper therefore does not establish the dry-CO2 comparison attributed to it; the wet-CO2 result is attributed to the citing paper’s Fig. 1. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The undoped Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy underwent breakaway oxidation in dry and wet CO2, but additions of Si markedly reduced the oxygen uptake in both dry and wet CO2.
“The undoped Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy underwent breakaway oxidation in dry [7] and wet CO 2 (Fig. 8), but the additions of Si to this alloy markedly reduced the oxygen uptake in both dry CO 2 [7] and wet CO 2 (Fig. 7).”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited [7] is attached to the dry-CO₂ findings; the wet-CO₂ findings are attributed to figures in the citing paper. Our copy’s “Effect of Atmosphere on Selective Oxidation” discusses rapid oxidation of ferritic Fe–15Cr in CO₂, while “Effects of Excess Oxygen on Selective Oxidation” reports reduced mass gains with Si additions to Fe–8Cr in water vapor. Neither passage addresses undoped or Si-doped Fe–20Cr–20Ni in dry CO₂; searches for that alloy and for Si-related breakaway oxidation in CO₂ found no decisive passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBlade-shaped whiskers were observed on chromia scales of Fe-20Cr in wet CO2 reaction, but not in dry CO2.
“Blade-shaped whiskers were observed on chromia scales in the wet CO 2 reaction (Fig. 2b), but not in dry CO 2 [7].”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The Effect of Atmosphere on Selective Oxidation section reports a thin chromia scale on Fe-22Cr in an H₂O-bearing gas and discusses scales formed in CO₂–H₂O, but it does not describe blade-shaped whiskers or compare their presence in wet and dry CO₂. A search for “whiskers,” “blade,” and “Fe-20Cr” found no passage addressing the claimed observation; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNo carbides were formed in any Si-containing Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy in either dry or wet CO2 gases.
“In contrast, metallographic examination confirmed that no carbides were formed in any Si-containing Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy in either dry [7] or wet CO 2 gases.”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited paper’s ‘Effect of Atmosphere on Selective Oxidation’ section discusses carbides in ferritic Fe–Cr alloys exposed to CO₂, not Si-containing Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloys. Its discussion of Si additions concerns other alloys and exposure conditions. Searches for the specified alloy and for carbide absence in dry or wet CO₂ found no passage addressing the claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThin scale regions on Fe-20Cr-20Ni-(0.1, 0.2, 0.5)Si alloys after reactions in dry and wet CO2 contained the same corrosion products of chromia and silicon oxide.
“The thin scale regions on Fe-20Cr-20Ni-(0.1, 0.2, 0.5)Si alloys after reactions in dry [7] and wet CO 2 (Figs. 5, 11) reactions contained the same corrosion products of chromia and silicon oxide.”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The citation is attached to the dry-CO₂ result. The Effect of Atmosphere on Selective Oxidation discusses CO₂ exposure of Fe–Cr alloys, while Effects of Excess Oxygen on Selective Oxidation discusses Si additions to Fe–Cr alloys exposed to water vapor. Neither passage reports thin-scale products on Fe-20Cr-20Ni-(0.1, 0.2, 0.5)Si alloys after dry CO₂ exposure; searches for that alloy and for dry-CO₂ silica scales found no matching passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSolid chromia scales on Si-bearing austenitic alloys were thin and almost the same thickness in dry CO2 (about 0.8-1.5 μm after 240 h) and wet CO2 (about 1.6 μm after 240 h).
“Solid chromia scales on these Si-bearing austenitic alloys were thin and almost the same thickness in dry (about 0.8~1.5 µm thick after 240 h) [7] and wet CO 2 (about 1.6 µm thick after 240 h).”
From Effects of Silicon on High Temperature Corrosion of Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys in Carbon Dioxide (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
The citation is attached to the dry-CO₂ thickness of 0.8–1.5 µm after 240 h. The 'Effects of Excess Oxygen on Selective Oxidation' section discusses thin chromia scales on Si-bearing ferritic model alloys in water vapor and mentions austenitic alloys tested in air, but the searched passages do not report that thickness for austenitic alloys in dry CO₂. The wet-CO₂ value is not attached to this citation in the printed sentence. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Meier, G. H., Jung, K., Mu, N., Yanar, N. M., Pettit, F. S., Pirón Abellán, J., Olszewski, T., Nieto Hierro, L., Quadakkers, W. J., & Holcomb, G. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- National Energy Technology Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jung, Keeyoung
- Venue
- Oxidation of Metals
- Published
- 2010-09-05
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 319-340
- ISSN
- 0030-770X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-4889
- OpenAlex
- W2082495205
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 15.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Oxidation of Metals (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Energy Technology Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- Keywords
- selective oxidation, ferritic-martensitic steel, Fe-Cr alloys, oxy-fuel combustion, chromia scale, Wagner model, chromium content, alloying elements, silicon, oxide scale formation, high-temperature oxidation
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