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Cited by 51Pituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsHormonal and reproductive studiesTraumatic Brain Injury Research

High risk of hypogonadism after traumatic brain injury: Clinical implications

Agha, Amar, Thompson, Christopher J.·2005·Pituitary
DOI 10.1007/s11102-005-3463-4
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Abstract

Several recent studies have convincingly documented a close association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pituitary dysfunction. Post-traumatic hypogonadism is very common in the acute post-TBI phase, though most cases recover within six to twelve months following trauma. The functional significance of early hypogonadism, which may reflect adaptation to acute illness, is not known. Hypogonadism persists, however, in 10-17% of long-term survivors. Sex steroid deficiency has implications beyond psychosexual function and fertility for survivors of TBI. Muscle weakness may impair functional recovery from trauma and osteoporosis may be exacerbated by immobility secondary to trauma. Identification and appropriate and timely management of post-traumatic hypogonadism is important in order to optimise patient recovery from head trauma, improve quality of life and avoid the long-term adverse consequences of untreated sex steroid deficiency.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s11102-005-3463-4

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48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Most investigations have not found a significant association between gonadotropin deficiency and TBI severity, GCS scores, or CT findings.

    “Reported prevalence varies across studies, and most investigations have not found a significant association between gonadotropin deficiency and TBI severity, GCS scores, or CT findings [38,39].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Hypogonadism prevalence appears lower in pediatric populations, typically transient, reported in approximately 4-9% of cases, compared to prevalence rates of up to 29% in adult cohorts.

    “However, its prevalence appears to be lower in pediatric populations, where hypogonadism—typically transient—has been reported in approximately 4–9% of cases, compared to prevalence rates of up to 29% in adult cohorts [16,38,39].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Adults experience chronic fatigue, loss of libido or amenorrhea, or overt gonadotropin deficiency in addition to a variety of neurocognitive complaints after TBI.

    “Likewise, adults experience chronic fatigue, loss of libido or amenorrhea, or overt gonadotropin deficiency in addition to a variety of neurocognitive complaints [12,50].”

    From Update of Endocrine Dysfunction following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (2015) · cites this paper as [50]

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Related

Authors
Agha, A., & Thompson, C. J.
Affiliations
Beaumont Hospital (IE)
Corresponding author
Thompson, Christopher J.
ORCID
Thompson, Christopher J.
Venue
Pituitary
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2005-12
Volume
8
Issue
3-4
Pages
245-249
ISSN
  • 1386-341X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-7403
DOI
10.1007/s11102-005-3463-4
OpenAlex
W1990874609
Cited by
51
References
49
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI
0.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Pituitary (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, pituitary dysfunction, sex hormone deficiency, long-term survivors, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, immobility, functional recovery, quality of life
MeSH terms
Brain Injuries, Humans, Hypogonadism, Pituitary Gland, Risk Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Disease Progression

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