The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychiatric Co-Morbidities in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Detailed Findings from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in the English Population
Open accessAbstract
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition which causes great sufferance to the individuals affected. The occurrence of comorbidities in PTSD is a frequent event with a negative impact on outcome. This study investigated the frequency of PTSD in relation to comorbidities by analyzing the results of the 2007 'Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey' in the English population, which included data on comorbidities. A population study conducted in the United Kingdom, this survey investigated the frequency of PTSD in the community and the relationship to comorbidities by adopting a random design to minimize selection bias, stratified by region and socioeconomic characteristics, and weighted according to design and non-response. The survey interviewed 7403 adults living in private households. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychiatric morbidity were systematically assessed. Results indicated that PTSD prevalence was 2.9%, with an excess in women (3.3%) compared to men (2.4%) as reported by the 2007 survey. Comorbidity was a very frequent occurrence in PTSD reaching 78.5% in affected cases. Major depression was the commonest condition and its frequency increased with symptoms severity up to 54%. Among anxiety disorders, social phobia was the most frequent, followed by generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Substance use disorders were also common. The presence of psychotic symptoms was particularly significant with over 30% prevalence in PTSD. These results indicate that attention needs to be devoted to the presence of comorbidities. In view of the impact of comorbidities on PTSD severity, chronicity and functional impairment, early detection and treatment are likely to improve outcome.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,597 · cited 2×
“If any event occurred from the age of 16 onwards, PTSD experiences were explored by using the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) [26].”
MethodKessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · cited 1×
“The co-occurrence of psychiatric morbidity is significant in PTSD [1–5] with concerning estimates for major depression reaching 48% of PTSD cases [6], often coexisting with suicidal ideation [7], the frequent presence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder [8] and of alcohol dependence with increased levels of ag…”
BackgroundElm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379 · cited 4×
“This is relevant because differences in PTSD prevalence shown globally [1, 16] might also reflect on comorbidities [17].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLewis, G., Pelosi, A. J., Araya, R., & Dunn, G. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700030415 · Cited by 1,487 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, the sample was stratified by region and socioeconomic characteristics and weighted for survey design and non-response [22].”
MethodPosttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys
Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K. A., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., Karam, E. G., Meron Ruscio, A., Benjet, C., Scott, K., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000708 · Cited by 1,453 · cited 1×
“This is relevant because differences in PTSD prevalence shown globally [1, 16] might also reflect on comorbidities [17].”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Arkowitz H, Lilienfeld, SO. Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 2017: Wiley Blackwell.
- Kish L. Survey sampling. New York: Wiley; 1965.
- First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition. (SCID-I/NP) New York: Biometrics Research, 2002 New York State Psychiatric Institute.
- Meltzer H, Gill B, Petticrew M. OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain, Bulletin No.1: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults aged 16–64, living in private households, in Great Britain, 1994 OPCS: London.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brewin, C. R., Atwoli, L., Bisson, J. I., Galea, S., Koenen, K. C., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2025) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21269 · Cited by 121
“An analysis of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England reported a prevalence rate for current PTSD of 2.9% 77 , similar to the 2.4% reported for Canada 78 and Italy 79 .”
InfluentialA Public Health Perspective of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Jowf, G. I. A., Ahmed, Z. T., An, N., Reijnders, R. A., Ambrosino, E., Rutten, B. P. F., de Nijs, L., & Eijssen, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116474 · Cited by 93
Brewerton, T. D. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00696-6 · Cited by 76
The potential of ketamine for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of clinical evidence
Ragnhildstveit, A., Roscoe, J., Bass, L. C., Averill, C. L., Abdallah, C. G., & Averill, L. A. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253231154125 · Cited by 54
Brewerton, T. D., Gavidia, I., Suro, G., & Perlman, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00773-4 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Qassem, T., Aly-ElGabry, D., Alzarouni, A., Abdel-Aziz, K., & Arnone, D.
- Affiliations
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arnone, Danilo
- Venue
- Psychiatric Quarterly
- Published
- 2020-07-23
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 321-330
- ISSN
- 0033-2720 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6709
- PMC
- PMC7904722
- OpenAlex
- W3044333918
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychiatric Quarterly (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- King's College London
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, prevalence, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, substance use disorders, psychotic symptoms, sex differences, symptom severity, community mental health, Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Panic Disorder, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
