Development of the EQ-5D-Y: a child-friendly version of the EQ-5D
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: To develop a self-report version of the EQ-5D for younger respondents, named the EQ-5D-Y (Youth); to test its comprehensibility for children and adolescents and to compare results obtained using the standard adult EQ-5D and the EQ-5D-Y. METHODS: An international task force revised the content of EQ-5D and wording to ensure relevance and clarity for young respondents. Children's and adolescents' understanding of the EQ-5D-Y was tested in cognitive interviews after the instrument was translated into German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish. Differences between the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D-Y regarding frequencies of reported problems were investigated in Germany, Spain and South Africa. RESULTS: The content of the EQ-5D dimensions proved to be appropriate for the measurement of HRQOL in young respondents. The wording of the questionnaire had to be adapted which led to small changes in the meaning of some items and answer options. The adapted EQ-5D-Y was satisfactorily understood by children and adolescents in different countries. It was better accepted and proved more feasible than the EQ-5D. The administration of the EQ-5D and of the EQ-5D-Y causes differences in frequencies of reported problems. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed EQ-5D-Y is a useful tool to measure HRQOL in young people in an age-appropriate manner.
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- Authors
- Wille, N., Badia, X., Bonsel, G., Burström, K., Cavrini, G., Devlin, N., Egmar, A.-C., Greiner, W., Gusi, N., Herdman, M., Jelsma, J., Kind, P., Scalone, L., & Ravens-Sieberer, U.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- King's Fund (GB)
- Röda Korsets Högskola (SE)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (ES)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of York (GB)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2010-04-20
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 875-886
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- PMC
- PMC2892611
- OpenAlex
- W2029997282
- Cited by
- 872
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 49.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Karolinska Institutet
- Università di Bologna
- EuroQol Research Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- EQ-5D-Y, EQ-5D, health-related quality of life, children and adolescents, self-report questionnaire, questionnaire comprehensibility, cognitive interviewing, questionnaire wording, cross-cultural translation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Disability Evaluation, Female, Germany, Health Status, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, South Africa, Spain, Translations, Reproducibility of Results, Advisory Committees
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