People with Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms Were More Likely Depressed and Had Lower Health-Related Quality of Life: The Potential Benefit of Health Literacy
Open accessAbstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic affects people’s health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially in those who have suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S). We examined the effect of modifications of health literacy (HL) on depression and HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 14 February to 2 March 2020. 3947 participants were recruited from outpatient departments of nine hospitals and health centers across Vietnam. The interviews were conducted using printed questionnaires including participants’ characteristics, clinical parameters, health behaviors, HL, depression, and HRQoL. People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood (OR, 2.88; p < 0.001), lower HRQoL-score (B, −7.92; p < 0.001). In comparison to people without S-COVID-19-S and low HL, those with S-COVID-19-S and low HL had 9.70 times higher depression likelihood (p < 0.001), 20.62 lower HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), for the people without S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in 5% lower depression likelihood (p < 0.001) and 0.45 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), while for those people with S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in a 4% lower depression likelihood (p = 0.004) and 0.43 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001). People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood and lower HRQoL than those without. HL shows a protective effect on depression and HRQoL during the epidemic.
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Globally, there are only limited studies exploring the psychological burden suffered by COVID-19 patients or their close contacts.
“Globally, there are only limited studies exploring the psychological burden suffered by COVID-19 patients or their close contacts”
From Fear of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 stress and association with sociodemographic and psychological process factors in cases under surveillance in a frontline worker population in borneo (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
The Backgrounds and Results discuss depression among Vietnamese outpatients with suspected COVID-19 symptoms, but do not assess how many studies worldwide examine confirmed patients or their close contacts. Searches for limited studies, psychological burden, and close contacts found no passage making the claimed statement. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, M. H., Do, B. N., Tran, C. Q., Nguyen, T. T. P., Pham, K. M., Pham, L. V., Tran, K. V., Duong, T. T., Tran, T. V., Duong, T. H., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, Q. H., Hoang, T. M., Nguyen, K. T., Pham, T. T. M., Yang, S.-H., Chao, J. C.-J., & Duong, T. V.
- Affiliations
- Thai Nguyen National General Hospital (VN)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Vietnam Military Medical University (VN)
- Thu Duc City Hospital (VN)
- Corvinus University of Budapest (HU)
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong 042-12, Vietnam
- Hai phong University Of Medicine and Pharmacy (VN)
- Children's Hospital 2 (VN)
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 119-10, Vietnam
- Taipei Medical University Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Duong, Tuyen Van
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-03-31
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 965
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7231234
- OpenAlex
- W3014073980
- Cited by
- 557
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 108
- FWCI
- 49.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Military Medical Hospital 103, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Thu Duc District Hospital, and Taipei Medical University (108-6202-008-112)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, health literacy, depression, health-related quality of life
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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