Cited by 128Psychometric Methodologies and TestingYouth Development and Social SupportChildren's Rights and Participation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Development and Validation of the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI): Assessing Children’s Well-Being and Assets across Multiple Contexts

Open access

Schonert-Reichl, Kimberly A., Guhn, Martin, Gadermann, Anne M., Hymel, Shelley, Sweiss, Lina, Hertzman, Clyde·2013·Social Indicators Research

DOI 10.1007/s11205-012-0149-yPMC PMC3790250

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Few instruments provide reliable and valid data on child well-being and contextual assets during middle childhood, using children as informants. The authors developed a population-level, self-report measure of school-aged children's well-being and assets-the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI)-and examined its reliability and validity. The MDI was designed to assess child well-being inside and outside of school on five dimensions: (1) Social and emotional development, (2) Connectedness to peers and to adults at school, at home, and in the neighborhood, (3) School experiences, (4) Physical health and well-being, and (5) Constructive use of time after school. This paper describes the theoretical framework, selection of items and scales for the survey, and four studies that were conducted to revise the MDI and examine its psychometric properties. The findings indicate a theoretically predicted factor structure, high internal consistency, and document the convergent and discriminant validity of the MDI scales. The discussion delineates a plan for future validation studies that address further validity questions, such as predictive validity, measurement invariance, and fairness/bias, and provides a brief outlook of how the MDI may be used by practitioners, educators, and decision makers in schools and communities to motivate and inform action in support children's well-being.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11205-012-0149-y

Cites

72 of 72 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 54,599
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674028845 · Cited by 26,084
The ecology of human development : experiments by nature and design
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979) · Cited by 12,580
From dissertation abstracts international
(1974) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/988616.988619 · Cited by 12,208
Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
Davis, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113 · Cited by 10,272
Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development.
Masten, A. S. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.227 · Cited by 8,497 · cited 2×
“…(Greenberg et al. 2003), positive psychology (Huebner et al. 2009; Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000), resiliency and competence (Luthar 2006; Masten 2001; Masten and Coatsworth 1998), and a strengths- and assetbased approach to child development (Lerner et al. 2000; Theokas and Lerner 2006).”
A Review and Synthesis of the Measurement Invariance Literature: Suggestions, Practices, and Recommendations for Organizational Research
Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/109442810031002 · Cited by 7,997

Show all 75 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Constantine, N. A., & Benard, B. (2001). California healthy kids survey resilience assessment model: Technical report. Berkeley, CA: Public Health Institute.
Hayden-Thomson, L. K. (1989). The development of the Relational Provisions Loneliness Questionnaire for children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Marsh, H. W. (1988). Self-Description Questionnaire: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of preadolescent self-concept: A test manual and a research monograph. San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation.
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus user’s guide (5th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén and Muthén.
Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2007). Middle childhood inside and out: The psychological and social world of children ages 9 to 12. Burnaby, BC: United Way of the Lower Mainland.
Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Buote, D., Jaramillo, A., Foulkes, K., Rowcliffe, P., Calbick, J., et al. (2007). Middle childhood inside and out: The psychological and social world of children 9–12. Burnaby, BC: University of British Columbia/United Way of the Lower Mainland.
Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Guhn, M., Hymel, S., Hertzman, C., Sweiss, L., Gadermann, A. M., et al. (2010). Our children’s voices: The Middle Years Development Instrument. Measuring the developmental health and well-being of children in middle childhood. Burnaby, BC: University of British Columbia/United Way of the Lower Mainland.

Sorted by citations

Screen time and extracurricular activities as risk and protective factors for mental health in adolescence: A population-level study
Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Kerai, S., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. M. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106291 · Cited by 149
Self-citation
Benefits of Extracurricular Participation in Early Adolescence: Associations with Peer Belonging and Mental Health
Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01110-2 · Cited by 162
Self-citation
Associations of teacher-rated social, emotional, and cognitive development in kindergarten to self-reported wellbeing, peer relations, and academic test scores in middle childhood
Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Almas, A. N., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Hertzman, C. (2016) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.12.027 · Cited by 119
Self-citation
A Mindfulness-Based Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum for School-Aged Children: The MindUP Program
Maloney, J., Lawlor, M. S., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Whitehead, J. (2016) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3506-2_20 · Cited by 134
Self-citation
The conceptualisation of school and teacher connectedness in adolescent research: a scoping review of literature
García‐Moya, I., Bunn, F., Iglesias, A. M. J., Paniagua, C. T., & Brooks, F. M. (2018) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2018.1424117 · Cited by 120
Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19
McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9 · Cited by 97
A scoping review of well-being measures: conceptualisation and scales for overall well-being
Zhang, W., Balloo, K., Hosein, A., & Medland, E. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02074-0 · Cited by 108
Positive mental health and supportive school environments: A population-level longitudinal study of dispositional optimism and school relationships in early adolescence
Oberle, E., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Thomson, K., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.041 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
Distinct Routes to Understand the Relationship Between Dispositional Optimism and Life Satisfaction: Self-Control and Grit, Positive Affect, Gratitude, and Meaning in Life
Oriol, X., Miranda, R., Bazán, C., & Benavente, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00907 · Cited by 83
Academic Performance in Primary School Children With Common Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Mundy, L. K., Canterford, L. D., Tucker, D., Bayer, J. K., Romaniuk, H., Sawyer, S. M., Lietz, P. N., Redmond, G., Proimos, J., Allen, N. B., et al. (2017) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12531 · Cited by 79
The 2015 Middle Childhood Survey (MCS) of mental health and well-being at age 11 years in an Australian population cohort
Laurens, K. R., Tzoumakis, S., Dean, K., Brinkman, S. A., Bore, M. R., Lenroot, R., Smith, M. C., Holbrook, A., Robinson, K. M., Stevens, R. J., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016244 · Cited by 64
A Population-Based Study of Children’s Well-Being and Health: The Relative Importance of Social Relationships, Health-Related Activities, and Income
Gadermann, A., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Hymel, S. C., Thomson, K., & Hertzman, C. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9673-1 · Cited by 76
Self-citation
Early Adolescents' Emotional Well‐Being in the Classroom: The Role of Personal and Contextual Assets
Oberle, E. (2018) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12585 · Cited by 58
Extracurricular activity profiles and wellbeing in middle childhood: A population-level study
Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Magee, C., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218488 · Cited by 68
Self-citation
Electronic media use and academic performance in late childhood: A longitudinal study
Mundy, L. K., Canterford, L., Hoq, M., Olds, T., Moreno-Betancur, M., Sawyer, S., Kosola, S., & Patton, G. C. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237908 · Cited by 54
The Role of Supportive Adults in Promoting Positive Development in Middle Childhood
Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Guhn, M., Zumbo, B. D., & Hertzman, C. (2014) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573514540116 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Cyberbullying research in Canada: A systematic review of the first 100 empirical studies
Farrington, D. P., Zych, I., Ttofi, M. M., & Gaffney, H. (2022) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101811 · Cited by 49
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of The Daily Mile on childhood weight outcomes and wellbeing: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Breheny, K., Passmore, S., Adab, P., Martín, J., Hemming, K., Lancashire, E. R., & Frew, E. J. (2020) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-019-0511-0 · Cited by 48
Connections matter: Adolescent social connectedness profiles and mental well‐being over time
Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Alkawaja, M., Molyneux, T. M., Kerai, S. M., Thomson, K., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12250 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
The relationships between school children's wellbeing, socio-economic disadvantage and after-school activities: a cross-sectional study
Kennewell, E., Curtis, R. G., Maher, C., Luddy, S., & Virgara, R. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03322-1 · Cited by 40
Measuring social-emotional development in middle childhood: The Middle Years Development Instrument
Thomson, K., Oberle, E., Gadermann, A., Guhn, M., Rowcliffe, P., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2017) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2017.03.005 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Validity of the Middle Years Development Instrument for Population Monitoring of Student Wellbeing in Australian School Children
Gregory, T. A., Engelhardt, D., Lewkowicz, A., Luddy, S., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Brinkman, S. A. (2018) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-018-9562-3 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Associations between School Readiness and Student Wellbeing: A Six-Year Follow Up Study
Gregory, T. A., Grande, E. D., Brushe, M. E., Engelhardt, D., Luddy, S., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Brinkman, S. A. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-020-09760-6 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Health Disparities: A Life Course Health Development Perspective and Future Research Directions
Larson, K., Russ, S. A., Kahn, R. S., Flores, G., Goodman, E., Cheng, T. L., & Halfon, N. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_20 · Cited by 40
Early Adolescents' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Their Well-Being
Gadermann, A., Thomson, K., Gill, R., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Gagné, M. H., Guhn, M., Warren, M. T., & Oberle, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.823303 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Associations between self‐reported sleep measures and dietary behaviours in a large sample of Australian school students (n = 28,010)
Agostini, A., Lushington, K., Kohler, M. J., & Dorrian, J. (2018) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12682 · Cited by 37
Promoting Mental Well-Being Through Social-Emotional Learning in Schools: Examples from British Columbia
Hymel, S. C., Low, A., Starosta, L., Gill, R., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2017-029 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
I Believe in You! Measuring the experience of encouragement using the academic encouragement scale
Wong, Y. J., Cheng, H., McDermott, R. C., Deng, K., & McCullough, K. M. (2019) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1579357 · Cited by 33
Defining and Measuring Child and Youth Thriving: A Scoping Review
Ettinger, A. K., Risser, L. R., Rahman, S., Rigas, D., Abromitis, R. A., Stokes, L. R., Chavis, V., & Miller, E. B. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056902 · Cited by 30
Mental health profiles and academic achievement in Australian school students
Gregory, T. A., Monroy, N. S., Grace, B. S., Finlay‐jones, A. L., Brushe, M. E., Sincovich, A., Heritage, B., Boulton, Z., & Brinkman, S. A. (2024) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101291 · Cited by 32
The Relationship Between Traditional and Cyber Bullying Victimization in Early Adolescence and Emotional Wellbeing: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study
Halliday, S., Taylor, A. M., Turnbull, D. A., & Gregory, T. A. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00144-8 · Cited by 36
The role of social support in differentiating trajectories of adolescent depressed mood
Gregory, D., Turnbull, D. A., Bednarz, J., & Gregory, T. A. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.004 · Cited by 27
Supporting adolescent well-being at school: Integrating transformative social and emotional learning and trauma-informed education
Maloney, J., Whitehead, J., Long, D., Kaufmann, J., Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Cianfrone, M., Gist, A., & Samji, H. (2024) · Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.sel.2024.100044 · Cited by 33
Self-citation
The efficacy of the enhanced Aussie Optimism Positive Thinking Skills Program in improving social and emotional learning in middle childhood
Myles-Pallister, J. D., Hassan, S., Rooney, R. M., & Kane, R. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00909 · Cited by 29
Data Resource Profile: The South Australian Well-being and Engagement Collection (WEC)
Gregory, T. A., Lewkowicz, A., Engelhardt, D., Stringer, A., Luddy, S., & Brinkman, S. A. (2021) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyab103 · Cited by 23
Economic Evaluation of Childhood Obesity Interventions: Reflections and Suggestions
Frew, E. J. (2016) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-016-0398-8 · Cited by 26
International research utilizing the Early Development Instrument (EDI) as a measure of early child development: Introduction to the Special Issue
Janus, M., Harrison, L. J., Goldfeld, S. R., Guhn, M., & Brinkman, S. A. (2016) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.12.007 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Gender differences in adolescent school stress: A mixed‐method study
García‐Moya, I., Paniagua, C. T., & Iglesias, A. M. J. (2025) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.13057 · Cited by 22
The relationship between early adolescent cyberbullying victimization and later emotional wellbeing and academic achievement
Halliday, S., Taylor, A. M., Turnbull, D. A., & Gregory, T. A. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23032 · Cited by 26
A cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the daily mile on childhood obesity and wellbeing; the Birmingham daily mile protocol
Breheny, K., Adab, P., Passmore, S., Martín, J., Lancashire, E. R., Hemming, K., & Frew, E. J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-5019-8 · Cited by 21
Social context factors and refugee children’s emotional health
Emerson, S. D., Gagné, M. H., Guhn, M., Oberle, E., Georgiades, K., Milbrath, C., Janus, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02173-y · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Life satisfaction and school experience in adolescence: the impact of school supportiveness, peer belonging and the role of academic self-efficacy and victimization
Castelli, L., & Marcionetti, J. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2338016 · Cited by 18
A population-based analysis of life satisfaction and social support among children of diverse backgrounds in British Columbia, Canada
Emerson, S. D., Mâsse, L. C., Ark, T. K., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Guhn, M. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1922-4 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Life Course Research Agenda (LCRA), Version 1.0
Halfon, N., Forrest, C. B., Lerner, R. M., Faustman, E. M., Tullis, E., & Son, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_26 · Cited by 17
Relationship between parental psychological control and children’s academic achievement in China: The role of children’s failure mindsets
Gao, X., Liu, C., Guo, X., Liu, J., Qi, B., & Luo, L. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105627 · Cited by 17
The course of children's mental health symptoms during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Park, J. L., McArthur, B. A., Plamondon, A., Hewitt, J. M. A., Racine, N. M., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. L. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724001491 · Cited by 17
Understanding and Measuring Child Well-being in the Region of Attica, Greece: Round Five
Leriou, E. (2023) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-023-10030-4 · Cited by 16
Understanding and Measuring Child Well-being in the Region of Attica, Greece: Round four
Leriou, E. (2022) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-022-09957-x · Cited by 16
Social Media Use and Well-Being Across Adolescent Development
Singh, B., Zhou, M., Curtis, R., Maher, C. A., & Dumuid, D. (2026) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5619 · Cited by 15
A New Measure for the Assessment of Student–Teacher Connectedness in Adolescence
García‐Moya, I., Brooks, F. M., & Moreno, C. (2020) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000621 · Cited by 17
Changes in peer belonging, school climate, and the emotional health of immigrant, refugee, and non‐immigrant early adolescents
Thomson, K., Magee, C., Gagné, M. H., Oberle, E., Georgiades, K., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Janus, M., Guhn, M., & Gadermann, A. (2024) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12390 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Capturing the Child’s Perspective: A Review of Self-Report Measures used with Children
Greco, V., Lambert, H. C., & Park, M. (2016) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2016.1164104 · Cited by 15
Trends in Well-Being Among Youth in Australia, 2017-2022
Dumuid, D., Singh, B., Brinsley, J., Virgara, R., Curtis, R., Brinkman, S. A., & Maher, C. A. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30098 · Cited by 14
School-Based Prevention in Very Remote Settings: A Feasibility Trial of Methods and Measures for the Evaluation of a Social Emotional Learning Program for Indigenous Students in Remote Northern Australia
Robinson, G., Lee, E., Silburn, S., Nagel, P., Leckning, B., & Midford, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.552878 · Cited by 14
Basic epidemiology of wellbeing among children and adolescents: A cross-sectional population level study
Gregory, T. A., Sincovich, A., Brushe, M. E., Finlay‐jones, A. L., Collier, L. R., Grace, B. S., Monroy, N. S., & Brinkman, S. A. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100907 · Cited by 20
The impact of China's “Double Reduction” policy on primary school students' subjective well-being and academic achievement
Zhou, J., & Fan, A. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103321 · Cited by 13
Nature Play in Primary School: Supporting Holistic Development Through Outdoor Learning
Harper, A., Hespos, S. J., & Gray, T. L. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15111487 · Cited by 16
Naturalistic development of trait mindfulness: A longitudinal examination of victimization and supportive relationships in early adolescence
Warren, M. T., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Gill, R., Gadermann, A., & Oberle, E. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250960 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Item response theory analysis of self-reported social–emotional learning competencies in an Australian population cohort aged 11 years.
Carpendale, E. J., Green, M. J., Williams, K. E., Tzoumakis, S., Carr, V. J., & Laurens, K. R. (2023) · School Psychology · doi:10.1037/spq0000533 · Cited by 13
COVID-19 und Bildung. Studien und Perspektiven
Gerhard Huber, S. (. )., Helm, C., & Schneider, N. (2023) · Waxmann Verlag GmbH eBooks · doi:10.31244/9783830996361 · Cited by 12
Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with mental well-being: a population-based study with adolescents in Canada
Oberle, E., Fan, S., Molyneux, T. M., Ji, X. R., & BRUSSONI, M. J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21857-7 · Cited by 12
Mental well-being trends and school-based protective factors among adolescents in British Columbia (2015–2022): A population-based study
Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Molyneux, T. M., Guhn, M., Forer, B., Thomson, K., Alkawaja, M., Kassan, A., & Gadermann, A. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118201 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Supporting Communication and Well-being with a Multi-Stakeholder Mobile App: Lessons Learned from a Field Study with ADHD Children and their Caregivers
Stefanidi, E., Wagener, N., Chatzakis, I., Woźniak, P. W., Ntoa, S., Margetis, G., Rogers, Y., & Niess, J. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3711075 · Cited by 11
Understanding and Measuring Child Well-Being in the Region of Attica, Greece: Round One
Leriou, E., Kazani, A., Kollias, A., & Paraskevopoulou, C. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-020-09770-4 · Cited by 11
Protocol for the design of an instrument to measure preadolescent children's self-report of covert aggression and bullying
Nelson, H. J., Kendall, G. E., Burns, S. K., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009084 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Monitoring Preadolescents’ Well-being: Italian Validation of the Middle Years Development Instrument
Castelli, L., Marcionetti, J., Crescentini, A., & Sciaroni, L. (2017) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-017-9459-6 · Cited by 10
Loneliness and teacher-student relationships in children and adolescents: Multilevel cross-cultural meta-analyses of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
Zheng, Y., Rollano, C., Bagnall, C. L., Bond, C., Jia, S., & Qualter, P. (2024) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101380 · Cited by 12
Early childhood social-emotional profiles associated with middle childhood internalizing and wellbeing
Thomson, K., Richardson, C. G., Samji, H., Dove, N., Olsson, C. A., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Shoveller, J., Gadermann, A., & Guhn, M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101301 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Children in Cities: The Delicate Issue of Well-Being and Quality of Urban Life
Depeau, S. (2016) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31416-7_19 · Cited by 9
Development of the Student Experience of Teacher Support Scale: Measuring the Experience of Children Who Report Aggression and Bullying
Nelson, H. J., Kendall, G. E., Burns, S. K., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Kane, R. T. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00015-9 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Sense of School Belonging: The Illusion of a School-Size Effect
Petrucci, F., Marcionetti, J., & Castelli, L. (2022) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth2040033 · Cited by 8
The relationships between bullying, sleep, and health in a large adolescent sample
Agostini, A., Lushington, K., & Dorrian, J. (2018) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-018-0197-z · Cited by 8
Mental well-being among children in foster care: The role of supportive adults
Magee, C., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Oberle, E. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.005 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
A study protocol for community implementation of a new mental health monitoring system spanning early childhood to young adulthood
Cleary, J., Nolan, C., Guhn, M., Thomson, K., Barker, S., Deane, C., Greenwood, C. J., Harper, J. T., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Letcher, P., et al. (2022) · Longitudinal and Life Course Studies · doi:10.1332/175795921x16599509057666 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
The Association Between Breakfast Skipping and Positive and Negative Emotional Wellbeing Outcomes for Children and Adolescents in South Australia
Burnell, S., Brushe, M. E., Monroy, N. S., Gregory, T. A., & Sincovich, A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17081304 · Cited by 6
Placing Adolescents on a Trajectory to Happiness: The Role of Family Assets and Intentional Self-Regulation
Guo, M., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Hou, Q., Yang, J., & Chang, S.-M. (2023) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-023-00626-6 · Cited by 6
School Well-Being and Academic Performance of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A National Register-Based Study
Pedersen, M. J., Høst, C., Hansen, S. N., Klotsche, J., Minden, K., Deleuran, B. W., & Bech, B. H. (2024) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.2023-1197 · Cited by 6
Bridging the Gap: Conceptual and Empirical Dimensions of Child Wellbeing in Rural Mexico
Valadez, L. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0289-8 · Cited by 6
Adolescent Resilience Assessment in Person-centered Medical Care
Phillips, S. P., Swift, S., Reaps, K., & Zelek, B. (2017) · The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine · doi:10.5750/ijpcm.v6i4.600 · Cited by 6
Use of Economic Evidence When Prioritising Public Health Interventions in Schools: A Qualitative Study with School Staff
Breheny, K., Frew, E. J., Williams, I., Passmore, S., & Coast, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17239077 · Cited by 5
Associations between mental health profiles and later school outcomes
Monroy, N. S., Brushe, M. E., Sincovich, A., Boulton, Z., & Gregory, T. A. (2024) · Australian Journal of Education · doi:10.1177/00049441241278411 · Cited by 5
Reporting of Measurement Validity in Articles Published in Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement
Zumbo, B. D., Chan, E. K. H., Chen, M. Y., Zhang, W., Darmawanti, I., & Mulyana, O. P. (2014) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07794-9_3 · Cited by 5
Understanding and Measuring Child Well-Being in the Region of Attica, Greece: Round Three
Leriou, E., Kollias, A., Anastasopoulou, A., & Katranis, A. (2022) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-021-09910-4 · Cited by 5
How Big is the Gap in Wellbeing between Marginalised and Non-Marginalised Young People as They Approach Adolescence? Evidence from a National Survey of 9–14 Year Old Australians
Redmond, G., Huynh, J. Y., & Maurici, V. (2016) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-016-9432-9 · Cited by 5
Nature Play as a Catalyst for Outdoor Learning, Engagement and Wellbeing in Australian Primary Students
Harper, A., Gray, T. L., & Hespos, S. J. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16030492 · Cited by 4
Clustering of Wellbeing, Engagement and Academic Outcomes in Australian Primary Schools
Grace, B. S., Gregory, T. A., Collier, L. R., & Brinkman, S. A. (2022) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-022-09974-w · Cited by 4
Identifying risk and protective factors in the transmission of chronic pain from mothers to children: a longitudinal cohort study
Beveridge, J. K., Noel, M. E., McArthur, B. A., Madigan, S. L., Orr, S. L., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Birnie, K. A. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003698 · Cited by 4
Investing in social housing neighborhoods through marginalized children’s voices: a framework for supportive outdoor environments
Ning, L., Adam, M., & Lim, N. H. H. (2026) · Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering · doi:10.1080/13467581.2026.2629658 · Cited by 4
The Role of Spatial Context in Shaping Adolescents’ Peer Relationships
Beckmann, M., Knüttel, K., Petermann, S., & Stefes, T. (2022) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.v10i3.5444 · Cited by 4
Childhood poverty, social support, immigration background and adolescent health and life satisfaction: A population‐based longitudinal study
Gill, R., Karim, M. E., Puyat, J. H., Guhn, M., Gagné, M. H., Oberle, E., Janus, M., Georgiades, K., & Gadermann, A. (2024) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12408 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Contexts of children’s well-being. Integrating urban development by the municipal smallscale monitoring instrument UWE
Petermann, S., Strohmeier, K. P., & Yaltzis, K. (2019) · Raumforschung und Raumordnung / Spatial Research and Planning · doi:10.2478/rara-2019-0034 · Cited by 4
Prevalence, conceptual distinctiveness, and cross‐sectional correlates of climate worry in Canadian adolescents
Park, J. L., Deneault, A., McArthur, B. A., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. L. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.70076 · Cited by 3
Middle childhood profiles of social-emotional competencies and difficulties differentiate risk of health service presentations with adolescent mental disorders
Carpendale, E. J., Green, M. J., Watkeys, O. J., Tzoumakis, S., Carr, V. J., & Laurens, K. R. (2026) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674261426776 · Cited by 3
Promotive Factors and Mental Well-Being Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: A Population-Based Study in British Columbia, Canada
Alkawaja, M., Molyneux, T. M., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Forer, B., Kassam, A., Konishi, C., & Oberle, E. (2025) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-025-09751-4 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
A cross-sectional study of organized activity participation and emotional wellbeing among non-immigrant and immigrant-origin children in British Columbia, Canada
Albanese, C. M., Oberle, E., Sutherland, J. M., Janus, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Georgiades, K., Guhn, M., Gagné, M. H., & Gadermann, A. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102052 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Children’s empathy moderates the association between perceived interparental conflict and child health
Schreier, H. M. C., Feinberg, M. E., Jones, D. E., Ganguli, A., Givens, C., & Graham‐Engeland, J. E. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.022 · Cited by 2
Measuring play, nature connection, engagement and wellbeing: a new self − report questionnaire for primary school students
Harper, A., Gray, T. L., & Sahlberg, P. (2025) · Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education · doi:10.1007/s42322-025-00226-3 · Cited by 2
Adolescent Perspectives on Distance Learning and Schools’ Impact on Subjective well-being
Stefes, T. (2024) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-024-10124-7 · Cited by 2
Exploring the Impact of Bullying and Friendship on Mental Health Outcomes Among Transgender, Gender Diverse (TGD), and Cisgender Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual (LGB+) Youth
Singh, S., Midgley, C., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & McArthur, B. A. (2025) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2025.2601137 · Cited by 1
Assessing well-being in younger populations in economic evaluations: a scoping review of multidimensional instruments
Guo, Z., Nova-Díaz, D. M., Lipman, S. A., & Roijen, L. H. (2025) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-025-02418-3 · Cited by 1

Authors: Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A. M., Hymel, S., Sweiss, L., & Hertzman, C.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Guhn, Martin
ORCID: Schonert-Reichl, Kimberly A.
Guhn, Martin
Gadermann, Anne M.
Hymel, Shelley
Venue: Social Indicators Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-10-02
Volume: 114
Issue: 2
Pages: 345-369
ISSN: 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
1573-0921
DOI: 10.1007/s11205-012-0149-y
PMC: PMC3790250
OpenAlex: W2171513072
Cited by: 121
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 2.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: Michael Smith Health Research BC
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Children's Rights and Participation
Keywords: child well-being, middle childhood, child self-report, psychometric validation, social-emotional development, peer connection, school experience, physical health, factor structure, measurement invariance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Development and Validation of the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI): Assessing Children’s Well-Being and Assets across Multiple Contexts

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks