Cited by 129Nanotechnology research and applicationsNanoparticles: synthesis and applicationsRisk Perception and Management

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Sunscreens with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nano-Particles: A Societal Experiment

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Jacobs, Johannes F., van de Poel, Ibo, Osseweijer, Patricia·2010·NanoEthics

DOI 10.1007/s11569-010-0090-yPMC PMC2933802

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Abstract

The risks of novel technologies, such as nano(bio)technology cannot be fully assessed due to the existing uncertainties surrounding their introduction into society. Consequently, the introduction of innovative technologies can be conceptualised as a societal experiment, which is a helpful approach to evaluate moral acceptability. This approach is illustrated with the marketing of sunscreens containing nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles. We argue that the marketing of this TiO(2) nanomaterial in UV protective cosmetics is ethically undesirable, since it violates four reasonable moral conditions for societal experimentation (absence of alternatives, controllability, limited informed consent, and continuing evaluation). To remedy the current way nano-sized TiO(2) containing sunscreens are utilised, we suggest five complementing actions (closing the gap, setup monitoring tools, continuing review, designing for safety, and regulative improvements) so that its marketing can become more acceptable.

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Authors: Jacobs, J. F., van de Poel, I., & Osseweijer, P.
Affiliations: Delft University of Technology (NL)
Corresponding author: Jacobs, Johannes F.
Venue: NanoEthics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-06-20
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Pages: 103-113
ISSN: 1871-4757 (ISSN-L)
1871-4765
DOI: 10.1007/s11569-010-0090-y
PMC: PMC2933802
OpenAlex: W2138754853
Cited by: 129
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 3.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: NanoEthics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › General Materials Science › Nanotechnology research and applications
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
Keywords: titanium dioxide nanoparticles, moral acceptability, nanotechnology risks, informed consent, nanomaterial regulation, design for safety

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Sunscreens with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nano-Particles: A Societal Experiment

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