The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Living Alone, Socially Isolated or Lonely—What are We Measuring?
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Social isolation and loneliness may be independent constructs and one may occur without the other.
“however, social isolation and loneliness are often not significantly correlated (Coyle & Dugan, 2012;Perissinotto & Covinsky, 2014) suggesting these may be independent constructs and one may occur without the other.”
From Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review (2015) · cites this paper as Perissinotto & Covinsky, 2014
The main text (page not available in our copy) treats social isolation and loneliness as distinct concepts and says a measure combining them cannot show their individual effects. It also says living alone can occur without loneliness, but living alone is not the same as social isolation. The paper does not report that social isolation and loneliness are often not significantly correlated or directly establish that one occurs without the other. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSocial isolation and loneliness are often not significantly correlated.
“however, social isolation and loneliness are often not significantly correlated (Coyle & Dugan, 2012;Perissinotto & Covinsky, 2014) suggesting these may be independent constructs and one may occur without the other.”
From Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review (2015) · cites this paper as Perissinotto & Covinsky, 2014
The main text distinguishes social isolation from loneliness and says that living alone does not reliably indicate loneliness. It does not report whether social isolation and loneliness are significantly correlated or how often they are not (searched for correlation and independence between the two). (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Citations
Cites
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women
Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110 · Cited by 2,503
Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support
Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985) · Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_5 · Cited by 2,296
CATTAN, M., WHITE, M., BOND, J., & LEARMOUTH, A. (2005) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x04002594 · Cited by 1,038
Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review
Dickens, A. P., Richards, S. H., Greaves, C. J., & Campbell, J. L. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-647 · Cited by 767
Loneliness, isolation and the health of older adults: do we need a new research agenda?
Valtorta, N., & Hanratty, B. (2012) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.2012.120128 · Cited by 343
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1078–83. · DOI · Paper page
- Andrew MK. Reported loneliness rather than social isolation is a risk factor for 10-year mortality in older men. Evid Based Ment Health. 2012;15:87. · DOI · Paper page
- Burholt V, Scharf T. Poor health and loneliness in later life: the role of depressive symptoms, social resources, and rural environments. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69:311–24. · DOI
- Ennis SK, Larson EB, Grothaus L, Helfrich CD, Balch S, Phelan EA. Association of Living Alone and Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Elders With and Without Dementia. J Gen Intern Med. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2904-Z . · DOI
- Cacioppo JT, Norris CJ, Decety J, Monteleone G, Nusbaum H. In the eye of the beholder: individual differences in perceived social isolation predict regional brain activation to social stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci. 2009;21:83–92. · DOI · Paper page
- Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Counsell SR, Pine ZM, Walter LC, Chren MM. Functional status before hospitalization in acutely ill older adults: validity and clinical importance of retrospective reports. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:164–9. · DOI
- Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Fortinsky RH, et al. Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:451–8. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614568352 · Cited by 6,043
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors and social isolation: A narrative review of the literature
Calati, R., Ferrari, C., Brittner, M., Oasi, O., Olié, E., Carvalho, A. F., & Courtet, P. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.022 · Cited by 584
SMITH, K. J., & VICTOR, C. (2019) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x18000132 · Cited by 337
Metadata
- Authors
- Perissinotto, C. M., & Covinsky, K. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perissinotto, Carla M.
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2014-08-05
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1429-1431
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC4238196
- OpenAlex
- W2022035535
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- living alone, social isolation, loneliness, social support, older adults, hospitalization, ambulatory care sensitive conditions, dementia, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Dementia, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Residence Characteristics
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