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Apolipoprotein E, gender, and Alzheimer’s disease: an overlooked, but potent and promising interaction
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly prevalent, fatal neurodegenerative disease that has proven resistant, thus far, to all attempts to prevent it, forestall it, or slow its progression. The ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is a potent genetic risk factor for sporadic and late-onset familial AD. While the link between APOE4 and AD is strong, many expected effects, like increasing the risk of conversion from MCI to AD, have not been widely replicable. One critical, and commonly overlooked, feature of the APOE4 link to AD is that several lines of evidence suggest it is far more pronounced in women than in men. Here we review previous literature on the APOE4 by gender interaction with a particular focus on imaging-related studies.
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“the APOE-e4 genotype, the best known common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's dementia, may have a stronger association with Alzheimer's dementia 285,286 and neurodegeneration 287 in women than in men.”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [286]
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“At molecular levels, the link between AD and a genetic risk factor, APOE4 is much more prominent in women than men [7, 8].”
From Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
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Additional file 11 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598377
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Additional file 2 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598350
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Additional file 13 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598383
Additional file 1 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598347
Additional file 5 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
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Additional file 23 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598413
Additional file 20 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598404
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598419
Additional file 4 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598356
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598365
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598422
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598398
Additional file 29 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
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Additional file 3 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598353
Additional file 8 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598368
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598386
Additional file 6 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598362
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598392
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598371
Additional file 1 of Herpes zoster and long-term risk of subjective cognitive decline
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Additional file 10 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
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Additional file 27 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598425
Additional file 15 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
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Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598395
Additional file 30 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598434
Additional file 22 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598410
Additional file 12 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598380
Additional file 21 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598407
Additional file 24 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598416
Additional file 19 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598401
Additional file 28 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ungar, L., Altmann, A., & Greicius, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ungar, Leo
- ORCID
- Greicius, Michael D.
- Venue
- Brain Imaging and Behavior
- Published
- 2013-11-30
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 262-273
- ISSN
- 1931-7557 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-7565
- PMC
- PMC4282773
- OpenAlex
- W2007870551
- Semantic Scholar
- a36142356acf18bedeb996827856502949b3d3b7
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Brain Imaging and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS073498)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E, APOE ε4, sex differences, gender interaction, genetic risk factors, mild cognitive impairment, neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Apolipoprotein E4
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