Vascular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of stroke.
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most devastating manifestations of two common diseases, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It represents the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Besides age (a nonmodifiable risk factor), hypertension is the most important cardiovascular risk factor for developing both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as small vessel disease predisposing to lacunar infarction, white matter lesions, and cerebral microbleeds. In addition, hypertension predisposes to atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases (notably atrial fibrillation), thereby promoting cerebral embolism. Inflammatory mechanisms play a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, thrombosis, and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction, in part resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species, is an important mechanism of cerebrovascular damage. This article reviews recent data on vascular mechanisms that participate in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Mechanisms behind hemorrhagic stroke include lipohyalinosis of small arteries and fibrinoid necrosis induced by long-standing hypertension, followed by formation of small microaneurysms (Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms) that subsequently rupture.
“The mechanisms behind hemorrhagic stroke include lipohyalinosis of small arteries and fibrinoid necrosis induced by long-standing hypertension, followed by formation of small microaneurysms (Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms) that subsequently rupture.28”
From Association of L-α Glycerylphosphorylcholine With Subsequent Stroke Risk After 10 Years (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Sierra, C., Coca, A., & Schiffrin, E. L.
- Affiliations
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schiffrin, Ernesto L.
- Venue
- Current Hypertension Reports
- Published
- 2011-02-18
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 200-207
- ISSN
- 1522-6417 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-3111
- OpenAlex
- W2084617860
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Hypertension Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- stroke pathogenesis, vascular mechanisms, hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, lacunar infarction, white matter lesions, cerebral microbleeds, atrial fibrillation, cerebral embolism, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, thrombosis, plaque rupture
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Hypertension, Infections, Inflammation, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress, Stroke
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