The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroimaging studies in post-traumatic stress disorder
Abstract
The past decade has seen a rapid advance in understanding of the neural circuits of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has largely been due to the application of neuroimaging to the study of this disorder. Based on studies in animals of the effects of stress on the brain, dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala have been hypothesized to underlie symptoms of PTSD. Neuroimaging studies in PTSD have been consistent with these hypotheses, with the most replicated findings showing decreased medial prefrontal cortical function in PTSD. Other replicated findings include decreased inferior frontal gyrus function, decreased hippocampal function, increased posterior cingulate function, and, in some behavioral paradigms, increased amygdala function. Several studies have now shown changes in structure (smaller volume) of the hippocampus in PTSD. These studies are beginning to map out a neural circuitry of PTSD that may have future implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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In the citing paper
“PTSD is associated with reduced medial PFC activity and grey matter volume144 and with heightened noradrenaline activity145.”
From Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009) · cites this paper as [144]
In the citing paper
“there are a variety of other anxiety-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Bremner, 2002) (Pitman, 2001) and borderline personality disorder (Driessen et al., 2000), in which atrophy of the hippocampus has been reported”
From Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators (2008) · cites this paper as Bremner, 2002
In the citing paper
“Moreover, there are a variety of other anxiety-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in which atrophy of the hippocampus has been reported,13,14”
From Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cites
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
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Why stress is bad for your brain
Sapolsky, R. M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5276.749 · Cited by 1,306 · cited 1×
“This research was based on animal studies showing that stress is associated with damage to the hippocampus, which plays a critical role in learning and memory [5,6].”
MethodBremner, J. D., Randall, P., Vermetten, E., Staib, L., Bronen, R. A., Mazure, C., Capelli, S., McCarthy, G., Innis, R. B., & Charney, D. S. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00162-x · Cited by 1,283
Rauch, S. L., Whalen, P. J., Shin, L. M., McInerney, S. C., Macklin, M. L., Lasko, N. B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00828-3 · Cited by 1,111
Rauch, S. L. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830050014003 · Cited by 1,056
Developmental traumatology part II: brain development∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.
De Bellis, M. D., Keshavan, M. S., Clark, D. B., Casey, B. J., Giedd, J. N., Boring, A. M., Frustaci, K., & Ryan, N. D. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00045-1 · Cited by 974
Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse
STEIN, M. B., KOVEROLA, C., HANNA, C., TORCHIA, M. G., & McCLARTY, B. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005242 · Cited by 924
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 5,429
da Luz, A. C. D. D. S., Dias, G. P., Bevilaqua, M. C. D. N., Cocks, G. D., Gardino, P. F., Thuret, S., & Nardi, A. E. (2013) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000353269 · Cited by 4,015
Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2648 · Cited by 3,299
POSNER, J., RUSSELL, J. A., & PETERSON, B. S. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050340 · Cited by 2,602
McEwen, B. S. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071 · Cited by 1,864
Metadata
- Authors
- Bremner, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bremner, J. Douglas
- ORCID
- Bremner, J. Douglas
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 254-263
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- OpenAlex
- W2138680553
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 22.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056120)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, neural circuits, medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampal volume, brain structural changes
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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