Cited by 116Treatment of Major DepressionTrace Elements in HealthTryptophan and brain disorders

Potential roles of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder

Swardfager, Walter, Herrmann, Nathan, McIntyre, Roger S., Mazereeuw, Graham, Goldberger, Kyle, Cha, Danielle S., Schwartz, Yael, Lanctôt, Krista L.·2013·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Abstract

Incomplete response to monoaminergic antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD), and the phenomenon of neuroprogression, suggests a need for additional pathophysiological markers and pharmacological targets. Neuronal zinc is concentrated exclusively within glutamatergic neurons, acting as an allosteric modulator of the N-methyl D-aspartate and other receptors that regulate excitatory neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Zinc-containing neurons form extensive associational circuitry throughout the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus, which subserve mood regulation and cognitive functions. In animal models of depression, zinc is reduced in these circuits, zinc treatment has antidepressant-like effects and dietary zinc insufficiency induces depressive behaviors. Clinically, serum zinc is lower in MDD, which may constitute a state-marker of illness and a risk factor for treatment-resistance. Marginal zinc deficiency in MDD may relate to multiple putative mechanisms underlying core symptomatology and neuroprogression (e.g. immune dysfunction, monoamine metabolism, stress response dysregulation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, neurotrophic deficits, transcriptional/epigenetic regulation of neural networks). Initial randomized trials suggest a benefit of zinc supplementation. In summary, molecular and animal behavioral data support the clinical significance of zinc in the setting of MDD.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.018

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Authors
Swardfager, W., Herrmann, N., McIntyre, R. S., Mazereeuw, G., Goldberger, K., Cha, D. S., Schwartz, Y., & Lanctôt, K. L.
Affiliations
  • Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • University Health Network (CA)
  • Sunnybrook Research Institute (CA)
Corresponding author
Lanctôt, Krista L.
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-06
Volume
37
Issue
5
Pages
911-929
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2087435407
Cited by
116
References
318
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7
FWCI
2.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
zinc, major depressive disorder, neuroprogression, treatment-resistant depression, NMDA receptor, glutamatergic neurons, excitatory neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, zinc supplementation, serum zinc, dietary zinc deficiency, mood regulation, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, monoamine metabolism, stress response dysregulation, epigenetic regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Zinc, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

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